Django 管理员选择字段

Question

我有一个具有 CharField 的模型，我想在管理员中为小部件添加选择。原因是我使用的是代理模型，并且有很多模型共享这个 CharField，但它们每个都有不同的选择。

class MyModel(MyBaseModel):
    stuff = models.CharField('Stuff', max_length=255, default=None)

    class Meta:
        proxy = True

class MyModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    fields = ('stuff',)
    list_display = ('stuff',)
admin.site.register(MyModel, MyModelAdmin)

对于这个模型，我想在MyModelAdmin 中使用MY_CHOICES。

我是否覆盖小部件？我需要覆盖整个表单吗？

Answer 1

from django.contrib import admin
from django import forms

class MyModel(MyBaseModel):
    stuff = models.CharField('Stuff', max_length=255, default=None)

    class Meta:
        proxy = True

class MyModelForm(forms.ModelForm):
    MY_CHOICES = (
        ('A', 'Choice A'),
        ('B', 'Choice B'),
    )

    stuff = forms.ChoiceField(choices=MY_CHOICES)

class MyModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    fields = ('stuff',)
    list_display = ('stuff',)
    form = MyModelForm

admin.site.register(MyModel, MyModelAdmin)

见：https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/forms/fields/#choicefield

Answer 2

您可以覆盖formfield_for_choice_field()，这样您就无需创建新表单。

class MyModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    def formfield_for_choice_field(self, db_field, request, **kwargs):
        if db_field.name == 'status':
            kwargs['choices'] = (
                ('accepted', 'Accepted'),
                ('denied', 'Denied'),
            )
            if request.user.is_superuser:
                kwargs['choices'] += (('ready', 'Ready for deployment'),)
        return super().formfield_for_choice_field(db_field, request, **kwargs)

见formfield_for_choice_field

Answer 3

您不需要自定义表单。

这是您需要的最低要求：

# models.py
from __future__ import unicode_literals

from django.db import models

class Photo(models.Model):
    CHOICES = (
        ('hero', 'Hero'),
        ('story', 'Our Story'),
    )

    name = models.CharField(max_length=250, null=False, choices=CHOICES)

# admin.py
from django.contrib import admin
from .models import Photo


class PhotoAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ('name',)


admin.site.register(Photo, PhotoAdmin)

Answer 4

您需要覆盖ModelAdmin 将使用的表单：

class MyForm(forms.ModelForm):
    stuff = forms.CharField('Stuff', max_length=255, choices=MY_CHOICES, default=None)

    class Meta:
        model = MyModel
        fields = ('stuff', 'other_field', 'another_field')


class MyModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    fields = ('stuff',)
    list_display = ('stuff',)
    form = MyForm

如果您需要动态选择，也许您可​​以执行以下操作：

class MyForm(forms.ModelForm):
    stuff = forms.CharField('Stuff', max_length=255, choices=MY_CHOICES, default=None)

    def __init__(self, stuff_choices=(), *args, **kwargs):
        # receive a tupple/list for custom choices
        super(MyForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self.fields['stuff'].choices = stuff_choices

并在您的ModelAdmin 的__init__ 中定义MY_CHOICES 将是什么并在那里分配表单实例：

祝你好运！ :)

Answer 5

在Gerard's answer，如果你保留：

def __init__(self, stuff_choices=(), *args, **kwargs):

然后，当您尝试从管理员添加新模型时，您将始终得到“此字段为必填项”。所有必填字段。

你应该从初始化中删除stuff_choices=()：

def __init__(self,*args, **kwargs):

Answer 6

您需要考虑如何在数据库级别存储数据。 我建议这样做：

1. 运行这个 pip 命令：pip install django-multiselectfield

2. 在你的 models.py 文件中：

   from multiselectfield import MultiSelectField
   
   MY_CHOICES = (('item_key1', 'Item title 1.1'),
             ('item_key2', 'Item title 1.2'),
             ('item_key3', 'Item title 1.3'),
             ('item_key4', 'Item title 1.4'),
             ('item_key5', 'Item title 1.5'))
   
   class MyModel(models.Model):
         my_field = MultiSelectField(choices=MY_CHOICES)
   

3. 在你的 settings.py 中：

    INSTALLED_APPS = (
         'django.contrib.auth',
         'django.contrib.contenttypes',
         'django.contrib.sessions',
         'django.contrib.sites',
         'django.contrib.admin',
   
         #.....................#
   
         'multiselectfield',
   )
   

4. 观看魔法发生！

来源：

• https://pypi.python.org/pypi/django-multiselectfield

Answer 7

下面的解决方案可以立即与 Postgres 的特殊 ArrayField 一起工作：

# models.py

class MyModel(models.Model):
    class Meta:
        app_label = 'appname'

    name = models.CharField(max_length=1000, blank=True)
  
    ROLE_1 = 'r1'
    ROLE_2 = 'r2'
    ROLE_3 = 'r3'

    ROLE_CHOICES = (
        (ROLE_1, 'role 1 name'),
        (ROLE_2, 'role 2 name'),
        (ROLE_3, 'role 3 name'),
    )

    roles = ArrayField(
        models.CharField(choices=ROLE_CHOICES, max_length=2, blank=True),
        default=list
    )

# admin.py

class MyModelForm(ModelForm):
    roles = MultipleChoiceField(choices=MyModel.ROLE_CHOICES, widget=CheckboxSelectMultiple)


@admin.register(MyModel)
class MyModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    form = MyModelForm
    list_display = ("pk", "name", "roles")

（Django 2.2）