Django：应用程序在服务器上部署时显示 400 错误答案

【问题标题】：Django: app displays 400 error when deployed on serverDjango：应用程序在服务器上部署时显示 400 错误
【发布时间】：2021-05-03 23:49:51
【问题描述】：

实际上我在这里有两个问题。我有一个 vps（测试的最低要求），上面有 2-3 个应用程序。我刚刚在上面部署了另一个应用程序并从 freenom.com 获得了一个免费域名。我使用supervisor+nginx 用于托管应用程序。当我访问该域时，我无缘无故地得到这个 Bad Request (400)。通常，当您没有将域名放在 ALLOWED_HOSTS 列表中时会发生这种情况，但我已经设置了这个。第二个问题是我有DEBUG = True 仍然只是显示最小的错误响应而不是完整的堆栈跟踪，因此我不确定我实际上遇到了什么错误并且无法调试它。

gunicorn-error.log 文件中没有错误日志。
nginx-error.log 文件中没有错误日志。
nginx-access.log 文件中没有错误日志。

我的gunicorn_start 配置

#!/bin/bash

NAME="hrms_app"
DIR=/home/kunsab/projects/hrms_venv/hrms
USER=kunsab
GROUP=kunsab
WORKERS=3
BIND=127.0.0.1:8081
DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE=hrms.settings
DJANGO_WSGI_MODULE=hrms.wsgi
LOG_LEVEL=error

cd $DIR
source ../bin/activate

export DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE=$DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE
export PYTHONPATH=$DIR:$PYTHONPATH

exec ../bin/gunicorn ${DJANGO_WSGI_MODULE}:application \
  --name $NAME \
  --workers $WORKERS \
  --user=$USER \
  --group=$GROUP \
  --bind=$BIND \
  --log-level=$LOG_LEVEL \
  --log-file=-

主管配置：

[program:hrms_app]
command=/home/kunsab/projects/hrms_venv/bin/gunicorn_start
user=kunsab
autostart=true
autorestart=true
redirect_stderr=true
stdout_logfile=/home/kunsab/projects/hrms_venv/logs/gunicorn-error.log

settings.py

"""
Django settings for hrms project.

Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 3.1.3.

For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/topics/settings/

For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/ref/settings/
"""

from pathlib import Path

# Build paths inside the project like this: BASE_DIR / 'subdir'.
BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent


# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/howto/deployment/checklist/

# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = '9#h(zvlwo4gmci-jr-3t_5s1y_vu7_07rox6*(y=kcirm!w+cl'

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True

ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['gthrms.tk','galentichrms.tk','127.0.0.1']

BASE_URL = 'http://galentichrms.tk/'

INTERNAL_IPS = [
    '127.0.0.1',
]


# Application definition
DJANGO_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
]

MY_APPS = [
    'employees',
    'clients',
    'projects',
    'payroll',
    'locations',
    'marketing',
]

THIRD_PARTY_APPS = [
    'debug_toolbar',
    'mathfilters'
]

INSTALLED_APPS = DJANGO_APPS + MY_APPS + THIRD_PARTY_APPS


MIDDLEWARE = [
    'debug_toolbar.middleware.DebugToolbarMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    # 'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware', # disable to view the pdf files in the model iframe
]

ROOT_URLCONF = 'hrms.urls'

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [BASE_DIR.joinpath('templates')],
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
                'hrms.context.global_constants'
            ],
        },
    },
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = 'hrms.wsgi.application'


# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/ref/settings/#databases

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        'NAME': 'hrms',
        'HOST': '127.0.0.1',
        'USER': '****',
        'PASSWORD': '*****'
    }
}


# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators


password_validators = [
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
    },
]

AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [] if DEBUG else password_validators

AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'accounts.User'

AUTHENTICATION_BACKENDS = (
        'django.contrib.auth.backends.ModelBackend',
)

LOGIN_URL = '/accounts/login'

# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/topics/i18n/

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'

TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Kolkata'

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = True

DATE_INPUT_FORMATS = ("%d/%m/%Y",)

USE_THOUSAND_SEPARATOR = True



# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/howto/static-files/

STATICFILES_DIRS = [
    BASE_DIR.joinpath('static')
]

STATIC_URL = '/static/'

STATIC_ROOT = BASE_DIR.joinpath('assets')

MEDIA_URL = '/media/'

MEDIA_ROOT = BASE_DIR.joinpath('media')

EMAIL_HOST = 'smtp.mailtrap.io'
EMAIL_HOST_USER = '******'
EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD = '*****'
EMAIL_PORT = '2525'

DEFAULT_EMAIL_RECEIPENTS = [
    'test@test.com'
]

# CELERY CONFIG
CELERY_BROKER_URL = 'redis://localhost:6379'
CELERY_RESULT_BACKEND = 'redis://localhost:6379'
# CELERY_ACCEPT_CONTENT = ['application/json']
# CELERY_RESULT_SERIALIZER = 'json'
# CELERY_TASK_SERIALIZER = 'json'

nginx 配置：

server {
    listen [::]:80;

    # add here the ip address of your server
    # or a domain pointing to that ip (like example.com or www.example.com)
    server_name galentichrms.tk;

    keepalive_timeout 5;
    client_max_body_size 4G;

    access_log /home/kunsab/projects/hrms_venv/logs/nginx-access.log;
    error_log /home/kunsab/projects/hrms_venv/logs/nginx-error.log;

    
    location /static/ {
        alias /home/kunsab/projects/hrms_venv/hrms/assets/;
    }
    # media files
    location /media/ {
        alias /home/kunsab/projects/hrms_venv/hrms/media/;
    }

    
    location / {
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8081;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto https;
        #proxy_redirect http://127.0.0.1:8080;
    }
    
}

【问题讨论】：

似乎 nginx 正在终止请求而不是转发到 django。发布您的 nxing 配置文件。
@xyres 我已经发布了 nginx 配置。请看一下。
listen [::]:80;-- 这意味着 nginx 只会处理 IPv6 请求。但是看到浏览器日志，请求是通过 IPv4 发送的。您可以尝试将其替换为listen 80; 并重新启动服务器吗？
@xyres 非常感谢。它现在正在工作。我对 nginx 还很陌生，不知道它只会接受来自 ipv6 的请求。我认为它会同时处理这两个问题。
我添加了一个答案，其中包含有关该问题以及如何接受 IPv6 流量的更多详细信息。

标签： python django nginx supervisord

【解决方案1】：

listen [::]:80;——这意味着 nginx 只会处理 IPv6 请求。但是看到浏览器日志，请求是通过 IPv4 发送的。

要同时接受 IPv4 和 IPv6，您可以这样做：

listen 80; # IPv4
listen [::]:80; # IPv6

此外，您的域 galentichrms.tk 仅有一个 A DNS 记录（用于 IPv4）。它没有将 IPv6 地址映射到域的 AAAA 记录。这就是浏览器通过 IPv4 发送请求的原因。

如果您的托管服务提供商为您提供了 IPv6 地址，您还需要配置 AAAA 记录才能接受 IPv6 流量。

【讨论】：