Django：将结果从两个 mysql 表返回到 JSON

Question

stackoverflow 社区大家好，

我定义了以下两个模型（使用 python manage.py inspectdb 创建）：

class StraightredFixture(models.Model):
    fixtureid = models.IntegerField(primary_key=True)
    soccerseason = models.IntegerField(db_column='soccerSeason')  # Field name made lowercase.
    home_team = models.ForeignKey('straightred.StraightredTeam', db_column='hometeamid', related_name='home_fixtures')
    away_team = models.ForeignKey('straightred.StraightredTeam', db_column='awayteamid', related_name='away_fixtures')
    fixturedate = models.DateTimeField()
    fixturestatus = models.CharField(max_length=24)
    fixturematchday = models.IntegerField()
    hometeamscore = models.IntegerField()
    awayteamscore = models.IntegerField()

    class Meta:
        managed = False
        db_table = 'straightred_fixture'

class StraightredTeam(models.Model):
    teamid = models.IntegerField(primary_key=True)
    teamname = models.CharField(max_length=36)
    teamcode = models.CharField(max_length=5)
    teamshortname = models.CharField(max_length=24)

    class Meta:
        managed = False
        db_table = 'straightred_team'

然后我的看法如下：

def jsonfixture(request):

    data = StraightredFixture.objects.filter(fixturematchday=12)


    json_data = serializers.serialize('json', data)
    return HttpResponse(json_data, content_type='application/json')

这很好用，并产生如下可用的结果：

[{"fields": {"awayteamscore": 2, "hometeamscore": 1, "home_team": 70, "away_team": 328, "fixturematchday": 12, "soccerseason": 354, "fixturedate": "2014-11-22T15:00:00", "fixturestatus": "FINISHED"}, "model": "straightred.straightredfixture", "pk": 136932}, {"fields": {"awayteamscore": 1, "hometeamscore": 2, "home_team": 65, "away_team": 72, "fixturematchday": 12, "soccerseason": 354, "fixturedate": "2014-11-22T15:00:00", "fixturestatus": "FINISHED"}, "model": "straightred.straightredfixture", "pk": 136930}, {"fields": {"awayteamscore": 0, "hometeamscore": 0, "home_team": 338, "away_team": 71, "fixturematchday": 12, "soccerseason": 354, "fixturedate": "2014-11-22T15:00:00", "fixturestatus": "FINISHED"}, "model": "straightred.straightredfixture", "pk": 137852}, {"fields": {"awayteamscore": 1, "hometeamscore": 2, "home_team": 62, "away_team": 563, "fixturematchday": 12, "soccerseason": 354, "fixturedate": "2014-11-22T15:00:00", "fixturestatus": "FINISHED"}, "model": "straightred.straightredfixture", "pk": 136929}, {"fields": {"awayteamscore": 0, "hometeamscore": 2, "home_team": 61, "away_team": 74, "fixturematchday": 12, "soccerseason": 354, "fixturedate": "2014-11-22T15:00:00", "fixturestatus": "FINISHED"}, "model": "straightred.straightredfixture", "pk": 136928}, {"fields": {"awayteamscore": 0, "hometeamscore": 1, "home_team": 67, "away_team": 69, "fixturematchday": 12, "soccerseason": 354, "fixturedate": "2014-11-22T15:00:00", "fixturestatus": "FINISHED"}, "model": "straightred.straightredfixture", "pk": 136931}, {"fields": {"awayteamscore": 2, "hometeamscore": 1, "home_team": 57, "away_team": 66, "fixturematchday": 12, "soccerseason": 354, "fixturedate": "2014-11-22T17:30:00", "fixturestatus": "FINISHED"}, "model": "straightred.straightredfixture", "pk": 136927}, {"fields": {"awayteamscore": 1, "hometeamscore": 3, "home_team": 354, "away_team": 64, "fixturematchday": 12, "soccerseason": 354, "fixturedate": "2014-11-23T13:30:00", "fixturestatus": "FINISHED"}, "model": "straightred.straightredfixture", "pk": 136926}, {"fields": {"awayteamscore": 2, "hometeamscore": 1, "home_team": 322, "away_team": 73, "fixturematchday": 12, "soccerseason": 354, "fixturedate": "2014-11-23T16:00:00", "fixturestatus": "FINISHED"}, "model": "straightred.straightredfixture", "pk": 136925}, {"fields": {"awayteamscore": 1, "hometeamscore": 1, "home_team": 58, "away_team": 340, "fixturematchday": 12, "soccerseason": 354, "fixturedate": "2014-11-24T20:00:00", "fixturestatus": "FINISHED"}, "model": "straightred.straightredfixture", "pk": 136924}]

唯一的问题是它返回的是“home_team”和“away_team”ID，而不是团队名称，这是期望的结果。

以前我用过：

fixture = StraightredFixture.objects.get(fixtureid=136697)
return render(request,'straightred/test.html',{'name':fixture.away_team.teamname})

这很好用，让我可以看到团队名称，但我不知道如何将这两个概念合二为一。

经过一些研究，我认为我可以简单地使用“.select_related”选项，但它似乎并没有改变我的输出。

对此的任何帮助将不胜感激。

非常感谢，艾伦。

Answer 1

您需要在模型中定义natural_key 方法，并在serialize 夹具时设置标志，示例如下：

class StraightredTeam(models.Model):
    teamid = models.IntegerField(primary_key=True)
    teamname = models.CharField(max_length=36)
    teamcode = models.CharField(max_length=5)
    teamshortname = models.CharField(max_length=24)

    def natural_key(self):
        return self.teamname

    class Meta:
        managed = False
        db_table = 'straightred_team'

那么在序列化的时候，只需设置标志use_natural_foreign_keys=True：

json_data = serializers.serialize('json', data, use_natural_foreign_keys=True)

它应该将外键 ID 序列化为它们的teamname。

Here 你可以阅读更多关于 Django 序列化和固定装置的信息。您可能也有兴趣查看dumpdata 管理命令。