在 Django ListView 中实现查询表单的最佳方法是什么？

Question

上周我遇到了一个与 Django 中的 listView 和 Forms 相关的任务，在阅读了1 和 2 之后，我想知道在 ListView 中实现搜索表单的最佳方法是什么（+Pythonic）一个主要想法，所以我实施了第一个解决方案，我希望收到您的反馈。这里的目标是通过代码字段执行查询并保留查询集以使其与分页同步。

forms.py

class InscriptionQueryForm(forms.Form):
    query_inscription = forms.CharField(label=_('Code'), required=False)

models.py

class Inscription(models.Model):
    code = models.CharField(max_length=10, unique=True)
    start_on = models.DateField()
    finish_on = models.DateField()
    active = models.BooleanField(default=False)

views.py

class InscriptionListView(ListView, FormMixin):
    model = Inscription
    paginate_by = 4
    context_object_name = 'inscriptions'
    form_class = InscriptionQueryForm
    form = None
    object_list = None
    search = False

    def get_queryset(self):
        form = self.form_class(self.request.POST)

        if form.is_valid() and self.request.method == 'POST':
            self.request.session['query_inscription'] = \
                form.cleaned_data['query_inscription']
            return self.model.objects.filter(
                code__icontains=form.cleaned_data['query_inscription']).\
                order_by('-active')

        if self.request.method == 'GET' and \
                'query_inscription' in self.request.session:

            return self.model.objects.filter(
                code__icontains=self.request.session.get(
                    'query_inscription', '')).order_by('-active')

        return self.model.objects.all().order_by('-active')

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        # From ProcessFormMixin
        self.form = self.get_form(self.form_class)

        # From BaseListView
        if self.request.GET.get('page', False) or self.search:
            self.object_list = self.get_queryset()
        else:
            self.search = False
            self.object_list = self.model.objects.all().order_by('-active')
            if 'query_inscription' in self.request.session:
                del self.request.session['query_inscription']

        context = self.get_context_data(
            object_list=self.object_list, form=self.form)
        return self.render_to_response(context)

    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        self.search = True
        return self.get(request, *args, **kwargs)

你们觉得怎么样？我相信还有很多其他更好的方法。

Answer 1

上周我遇到了类似的问题。我的模型是一个普通的 django 用户。但是，这里可以使用相同的方法。

我猜您想使用搜索字段搜索您的 Inscriptions 并对结果进行分页。当您浏览页面时，您希望看到搜索查询的结果。

您的 models.py 保持原样。我们将修改 forms.py，因为它将能够初始化搜索请求

class InscriptionQueryForm(forms.Form):
query_inscription = forms.CharField(label='Code', required=False)

def __init__(self, query_inscription):
    super(InscriptionQueryForm, self).__init__()
    self.fields['query_inscription'].initial = query_inscription

现在让我们看看 views.py。您不需要像 Schillingt 在他的评论中提到的那样将您的请求值存储在会话中。您只需使用搜索请求初始化表单即可。

class InscriptionListView(ListView):
model = Inscription
paginate_by = 4
context_object_name = 'inscriptions'
query_inscription = ''

def get_context_data(self, **kwargs):
    context = super(InscriptionListView, self).get_context_data(**kwargs)
    context['form'] = InscriptionQueryForm(self.query_inscription)
    # this parameter goes for the right pagination
    context['search_request'] = ('query_inscription=' +
                                 unicode(self.query_inscription))
    return context

def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
    self.query_inscription = request.GET.get('query_inscription', '')
    return super(InscriptionListView, self).get(request, *args, **kwargs)

def get_queryset(self):
    if not self.query_inscription:
        inscription_list = Inscription.objects.all()
    else:
        inscription_list = Inscription.objects.filter(
            code__icontains=self.query_inscription)

    return inscription_list.order_by('-active')

最后要提到的是分页 inscription_list.html

<form action="">
{{ form.as_p }}
<input type="submit" value="search"/>
</form>
<hr/>
{% if inscriptions %}
    {% for inscription in inscriptions %}
        {{ inscription.code }} {{ inscription.start_on }} {{ inscription.finish_on }}
        <hr/>
    {% endfor %}
    {% if is_paginated %}
        <div class="pagination">
            <span class="page-links">
                {% if page_obj.has_previous %}
                    <a href="?{{ search_request }}&page={{ page_obj.previous_page_number }}">previous</a>
                {% endif %}
                <span class="page-current">
                    Page {{ page_obj.number }} of {{ page_obj.paginator.num_pages }}
                </span>
                {% if page_obj.has_next %}
                    <a href="?{{ search_request }}&page={{ page_obj.next_page_number }}">next</a>
                {% endif %}
            </span>
        </div>
    {% endif %}
{% endif %}

就是这样！