如何为序列化程序方法结果创建 json 属性

Question

这里我有一个序列化程序，其中的序列化程序是一个get_is_liked 方法。 此方法将返回一个布尔值，无论帖子是否被当前用户喜欢。

现在，我想像其他字段一样以 json 属性的格式获取此方法的结果。 假设有一个移动应用程序向登录用户发送请求，以显示该帖子之前是否喜欢过。

serializer.py

class BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    user = serializers.SlugRelatedField(slug_field='username', read_only=True)

    class Meta:
        fields = (
            'id',
            'name',
            'description',
            'user',
            'likes'
        )
        model = models.Book

    def get_is_liked(self, obj):
        requestUser = self.context['request'].user
        return models.BookLike.objects.filter(
            book=obj, 
            liker=requestUser
        ).exists()

views.py

class ListBookView(generics.ListCreateAPIView):
    permission_classes = (IsAuthenticated, )
    queryset = models.Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = serializers.BookSerializer

    def perform_create(self, serializer):
       serializer.save(user=self.request.user)

class DetailBookView(generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):
    permission_classes = (IsOwnerOrReadOnly, )
    queryset = models.Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = serializers.BookSerializer

已编辑：

models.py

class Book(models.Model):
    user = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    name = models.CharField(max_length=125)
    description = models.CharField(max_length=225)
    likes = models.PositiveIntegerField(default=0)

def __str__(self):
   return self.name


class BookLike(models.Model):
    book = models.ForeignKey(Book, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    liker = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)

def __str__(self):
   return 'Post: {0}, Liked by {1}'.format(self.book, self.liker)

现在，我不知道该怎么做？！

Answer 1

使用SerializerMethodField 创建一个只读字段并通过调用序列化程序类上的方法获取其值。

在名为get_<field_name> 的序列化程序上创建一个字段和一个方法。此方法有两个参数：self 和被序列化的给定对象（就像您的 get_is_liked() 方法一样）

序列化器.py

class BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    is_liked = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
    likes = serializers.SerializerMethodField()    

    def get_is_liked(self, obj):
        '''
        Returns a boolean that represents whether the book has 
        already been liked by the user
        '''
        return models.BookLike.objects.filter(
            book=obj, 
            liker=self.context['request'].user
        ).exists()

   def get_likes(self, obj):
       '''
       Returns the numer of likes of the book
       '''
       return models.BookLike.objects.filter(book=obj).count()

为喜欢实现一个端点

get_is_liked() 将始终返回 False，直到 API 允许用户为一本书点赞。将需要创建一个新端点来执行此操作。

我建议您将您的视图合并到一个视图集中并添加一个额外的操作（请参阅documentation）来执行类似的功能。比如：

from rest_framework.decorators import action


class BookViewSet(generics.ModelViewSet):
    permission_classes = (IsAuthenticated, IsOwnerOrReadOnly)
    queryset = models.Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = serializers.BookSerializer

    @action(methods=['post'], detail=True)
    def like(self, request, pk=None):
        book = self.get_object()

        # Create a like for the book or get an existent one
        like, created = BookLike.objects.get_or_create(
            book=book, 
            liker=request.user
        )

        # User never gave a like for this book
        if created:
            return Response({
                'detail': 'Your like was registered with success.'
            })

        # Book already liked by the user (dislike or error?)
        return Response({
            'detail': 'Only one like per book is allowed.'
        }, status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)

urls.py

from rest_framework.routers import DefaultRouter

from django.urls import path, include

from . import views


router = DefaultRouter()
router.register(r'books', views.BookViewSet, base_name='book')

urlpatterns = [
    path('', include(router.urls)),
]

使用此配置，like 的端点是

POST /books/{bookId}/like/