如何在编辑表单中更改 ImageField 的 html 模板？

Question

我在我的项目中使用 Django 1.11。在我的编辑表单中，我有 ImageField。 Django 默认渲染 html，您可以在下面看到。如何正确修改编辑表单中ImageField的html？

我尝试了下一个代码，但 Django 引发错误 TemplateDoesNotExist。 Django 在我的自定义小部件中看不到 template_file？如何解决这个问题？顺便说一下 initial_text 和 input_text 效果很好。我也试过 template_with_initial 但不幸的是它没有帮助我。如果有任何帮助，我将不胜感激！

Django 默认渲染这个html：

Currently:
<a href="/media/images/2017/08/23/picture.jpg">images/2017/08/23/picture.jpg</a>
Change:
<input name="image" id="id_image" type="file">

widgets.py：

from django.forms.widgets import ClearableFileInput

class CustomClearableFileInput(ClearableFileInput):
    initial_text = 'Current image'

    input_text = 'Change'

    clear_checkbox_label = 'Clear Image'

    template_name = 'custom_clearable_file_input.html' <-- DONT WORK

custom_clearable_file_input.html：

{% if widget.is_initial %}
  <span>{{ widget.initial_text }}</span>: <a href="{{ widget.value.url }}">{{ widget.value }}</a>
  {% if not widget.required %}
    <input type="checkbox" name="{{ widget.checkbox_name }}" id="{{ widget.checkbox_id }}"/>
    <label for="{{ widget.checkbox_id }}">{{ widget.clear_checkbox_label }}</label>
  {% endif %}
  <br/>
  <span>{{ widget.input_text }}</span>:
{% endif %}
<input type="{{ widget.type }}" name="{{ widget.name }}"{% include "django/forms/widgets/attrs.html" %}/>

错误：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/srv/envs/Project/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/handlers/exception.py", line 41, in inner
    response = get_response(request)
  File "/srv/envs/Project/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py", line 187, in _get_response
    response = self.process_exception_by_middleware(e, request)
  File "/srv/envs/Project/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py", line 185, in _get_response
    response = wrapped_callback(request, *callback_args, **callback_kwargs)
  File "/srv/envs/Project/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/views/generic/base.py", line 68, in view
    return self.dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)
  File "/srv/envs/Project/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/views/generic/base.py", line 88, in dispatch
    return handler(request, *args, **kwargs)
  File "/home/nurzhan/CA/article/views.py", line 106, in get
    request=request
  File "/srv/envs/Project/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/template/loader.py", line 68, in render_to_string
    return template.render(context, request)
  File "/srv/envs/Project/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/template/backends/django.py", line 68, in render
    reraise(exc, self.backend)
  File "/srv/envs/Project/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/template/backends/django.py", line 89, in reraise
    six.reraise(exc.__class__, new, sys.exc_info()[2])
  File "/srv/envs/Project/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/utils/six.py", line 685, in reraise
    raise value.with_traceback(tb)
  File "/srv/envs/Project/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/template/backends/django.py", line 66, in render
    return self.template.render(context)
  File "/srv/envs/Project/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/template/base.py", line 207, in render
    return self._render(context)
  File "/srv/envs/Project/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/template/base.py", line 199, in _render
    return self.nodelist.render(context)
  File "/srv/envs/Project/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/template/base.py", line 993, in render
    bits.append(force_text(bit))
  File "/srv/envs/Project/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/utils/encoding.py", line 76, in force_text
    s = six.text_type(s)
  File "/srv/envs/Project/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/utils/html.py", line 385, in <lambda>
    klass.__str__ = lambda self: mark_safe(klass_str(self))
  File "/srv/envs/Project/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/forms/boundfield.py", line 41, in __str__
    return self.as_widget()
  File "/srv/envs/Project/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/forms/boundfield.py", line 120, in as_widget
    **kwargs
  File "/srv/envs/Project/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/forms/widgets.py", line 221, in render
    return self._render(self.template_name, context, renderer)
  File "/srv/envs/Project/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/forms/widgets.py", line 226, in _render
    return mark_safe(renderer.render(template_name, context))
  File "/srv/envs/Project/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/forms/renderers.py", line 31, in render
    template = self.get_template(template_name)
  File "/srv/envs/Project/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/forms/renderers.py", line 37, in get_template
    return self.engine.get_template(template_name)
  File "/srv/envs/Project/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/template/backends/django.py", line 41, in get_template
    reraise(exc, self)
  File "/srv/envs/Project/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/template/backends/django.py", line 89, in reraise
    six.reraise(exc.__class__, new, sys.exc_info()[2])
  File "/srv/envs/kaseAdmPy362/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/utils/six.py", line 685, in reraise
    raise value.with_traceback(tb)
  File "/srv/envs/kaseAdmPy362/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/template/backends/django.py", line 39, in get_template
    return Template(self.engine.get_template(template_name), self)
  File "/srv/envs/kaseAdmPy362/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/template/engine.py", line 162, in get_template
    template, origin = self.find_template(template_name)
  File "/srv/envs/kaseAdmPy362/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/template/engine.py", line 148, in find_template
    raise TemplateDoesNotExist(name, tried=tried)
django.template.exceptions.TemplateDoesNotExist: custom_clearable_file_input.html
[24/Aug/2017 11:02:30] "GET /administration/article/47/edit/ HTTP/1.1" 500 

Answer 1

这取决于您的自定义模板文件的存储路径。

如form rendering documentations中所述：

Django 的表单小部件是使用 Django 的模板引擎系统呈现的。

表单模板的呈现由... DjangoTemplates 控制 [渲染器类]。

[DjangoTemplates] 渲染器使用独立的 DjangoTemplates 引擎 （未连接到您可能在模板中配置的内容 环境）。它首先从内置的表单模板加载模板 django/forms/templates 中的目录，然后从已安装的应用程序中 使用 app_directories 加载器的模板目录。

如果您想通过您的自定义来呈现模板 TEMPLATES 设置，例如上下文处理器，使用 模板设置渲染器。

你有两个选择：

1. 在您的 (app_name) 文件夹中创建一个 templates 子目录，并将您的模板文件放在此文件夹中。 (/app_name/templates/custom_clearable_file_input.html)

2. 您可以将模板文件保留在您的 settings.py 文件 (/templates/custom_clearable_file_input.html) 的 TEMPLATES['DIRS'] 参数中指定的全局 templates 文件夹中，但您必须使用 TemplatesSettings documentation 中指定的 TemplatesSetting 渲染器 (I为settings.py文件添加了一个自定义示例）

   import django
   ...
   INSTALLED_APPS = [
       ...
       'django.forms'
       ...
   ]
   ...
   TEMPLATES = [
       {
           ...
           'DIRS': [
               'templates',
               django.__path__[0] + '/forms/templates',
           ],
           'APP_DIRS': True,
   
           ...
       },
   ]
   ...
   FORM_RENDERER = 'django.forms.renderers.TemplatesSetting'