django设置的环境变量？

Question

我已经使用 Django 一年多了，从来不需要像以下错误消息中要求我那样定义环境变量 DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE：

E
======================================================================
ERROR: setUpClass (__main__.SmokeTest)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\test\testcases.py", line 1026, in setUpClass
    if not connections_support_transactions():
  File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\test\testcases.py", line 991, in connections_support_transactions
    for conn in connections.all())
  File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\utils.py", line 227, in all
    return [self[alias] for alias in self]
  File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\utils.py", line 224, in __iter__
    return iter(self.databases)
  File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\utils\functional.py", line 33, in __get__
    res = instance.__dict__[self.name] = self.func(instance)
  File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\utils.py", line 157, in databases
    self._databases = settings.DATABASES
  File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\conf\__init__.py", line 55, in __getattr__
    self._setup(name)
  File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\conf\__init__.py", line 41, in _setup
    % (desc, ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE))
ImproperlyConfigured: Requested setting DATABASES, but settings are not configured. You must either define the environment variable DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE or call settings.configure() before accessing settings.

我正在使用 Windows 命令行。

我试着跑了

from django.conf import settings

settings.configure()

正如here 解释的那样，但这没有帮助。

有谁知道如何让它工作？

Answer 1

你确定在你的 ma​​nage.py 中有这样的东西

os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "projectname.settings")

https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/ref/django-admin/

Answer 2

"@brunodesthuilliers 在命令行中我在我的应用程序目录中，我运行 python tests.py"

好吧，那是行不通的（至少不是那么容易）。为什么不直接使用内置管理“测试”命令？

 #> cd your/project/root 
 #> python manage.py test

cfhttps://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/topics/testing/