初始迁移时出现 Django South 错误

Question

我创建了一个新的 Django 1.3 项目和应用程序。我将南添加到我的settings.py，但尚未运行syncdb。当我按照 South 教程和文档执行以下命令时，收到如下所示的错误。

• 对导致问题的原因有什么想法吗？ 更新：没有正确安装 South（见答案）。
• South 0.7.3 是否与 Django 1.3 兼容？ 更新：是的。

执行的命令和南错误

$ python ./manage.py schemamigration qexpenses --initial
Creating migrations directory at '/Users/matthew/development/quest-projects/qexpense-tracker/quexptrkr/../quexptrkr/qexpenses/migrations'...
Creating __init__.py in '/Users/matthew/development/quest-projects/qexpense-tracker/quexptrkr/../quexptrkr/qexpenses/migrations'...
 + Added model qexpenses.Buyer
 + Added model qexpenses.Vendor
 + Added model qexpenses.Department
 + Added model qexpenses.Project
 + Added model qexpenses.PurchaseType
 + Added model qexpenses.PurchaseOrder
Created 0001_initial.py. You can now apply this migration with: ./manage.py migrate qexpenses
(qexpense-tracker)matthew@Matthew-Rankins-MacBook-Pro:~/development/quest-projects/qexpense-tracker/quexptrkr
$ python ./manage.py migrate
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "./manage.py", line 14, in <module>
    execute_manager(settings)
  File "/Users/matthew/.virtualenvs/qexpense-tracker/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 438, in execute_manager
    utility.execute()
  File "/Users/matthew/.virtualenvs/qexpense-tracker/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 379, in execute
    self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
  File "/Users/matthew/.virtualenvs/qexpense-tracker/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 191, in run_from_argv
    self.execute(*args, **options.__dict__)
  File "/Users/matthew/.virtualenvs/qexpense-tracker/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 220, in execute
    output = self.handle(*args, **options)
  File "/Users/matthew/.virtualenvs/qexpense-tracker/lib/python2.7/site-packages/south/management/commands/migrate.py", line 105, in handle
    ignore_ghosts = ignore_ghosts,
  File "/Users/matthew/.virtualenvs/qexpense-tracker/lib/python2.7/site-packages/south/migration/__init__.py", line 171, in migrate_app
    applied = check_migration_histories(applied, delete_ghosts, ignore_ghosts)
  File "/Users/matthew/.virtualenvs/qexpense-tracker/lib/python2.7/site-packages/south/migration/__init__.py", line 72, in check_migration_histories
    for h in histories:
  File "/Users/matthew/.virtualenvs/qexpense-tracker/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/models/query.py", line 107, in _result_iter
    self._fill_cache()
  File "/Users/matthew/.virtualenvs/qexpense-tracker/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/models/query.py", line 772, in _fill_cache
    self._result_cache.append(self._iter.next())
  File "/Users/matthew/.virtualenvs/qexpense-tracker/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/models/query.py", line 273, in iterator
    for row in compiler.results_iter():
  File "/Users/matthew/.virtualenvs/qexpense-tracker/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/models/sql/compiler.py", line 680, in results_iter
    for rows in self.execute_sql(MULTI):
  File "/Users/matthew/.virtualenvs/qexpense-tracker/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/models/sql/compiler.py", line 735, in execute_sql
    cursor.execute(sql, params)
  File "/Users/matthew/.virtualenvs/qexpense-tracker/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/backends/util.py", line 34, in execute
    return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
  File "/Users/matthew/.virtualenvs/qexpense-tracker/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/backends/sqlite3/base.py", line 234, in execute
    return Database.Cursor.execute(self, query, params)
django.db.utils.DatabaseError: no such table: south_migrationhistory
(qexpense-tracker)matthew@Matthew-Rankins-MacBook-Pro:~/development/quest-projects/qexpense-tracker/quexptrkr
$ 

配置

我正在运行 OS X 10.6.7。下面是我的virtualenvpip 1.0requirements.txt 的输出：

$ cat requirements.txt 
Django==1.3
South==0.7.3
distribute==0.6.15
virtualenv==1.6
virtualenvwrapper==2.6.3
wsgiref==0.1.2

Answer 1

Ken Cochrane's StackOverflow 问题的答案How Come My South Migrations Doesn't Work for Django 掌握了关键。

对于一个新的 Django 项目和应用程序，我必须执行以下步骤：

1. 在settings.py 中将South 添加到INSTALLED_APPS，但不要添加您的应用
2. 运行syncdb 将Django 和South 表添加到数据库中。 South 修改了syncdb，因此在您的INSTALLED_APPS 中包含South 很重要。
3. 在settings.py 中将应用添加到INSTALLED_APPS
4. 为每个应用运行python manage.py schemamigration app_name --initial
5. 运行python manage.py migrate app_name

阅读说明——不，所有说明

我很高兴开始使用South，以至于我跳过阅读installation documentation。我只是使用pip install south 安装了South，然后将其添加到我的INSTALLED_APPS。那是我的错。

installation documentation 的 Configuring Your Django Installation 部分声明：

添加 South 后，您需要运行 ./manage.py syncdb 来创建 South 迁移跟踪表（South 由于各种原因，它自己的模型不使用迁移）。