将 Sqlite3 更改为 Postgresql Rails

【问题标题】：Changing Sqlite3 to Postgresql Rails将 Sqlite3 更改为 Postgresql Rails
【发布时间】：2018-07-04 17:14:12
【问题描述】：

我想在 Heroku 上托管我的 Ruby on Rails 应用程序。但首先我需要将我的数据库从 Sqlite3 更改为 Heroku。所以我遵循这些说明：

https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/sqlite3

这是我的 Gemfile 的样子

    source 'https://rubygems.org'

git_source(:github) do |repo_name|
  repo_name = "#{repo_name}/#{repo_name}" unless repo_name.include?("/")
  "https://github.com/#{repo_name}.git"
end

gem 'swagger-docs'
# Bundle edge Rails instead: gem 'rails', github: 'rails/rails'
gem 'rails', '~> 5.1.4'
# Use sqlite3 as the database for Active Record
gem 'pg'
# Use Puma as the app server
gem 'puma', '~> 3.7'
# Use SCSS for stylesheets
gem 'sass-rails', '~> 5.0'
# Use Uglifier as compressor for JavaScript assets
gem 'uglifier', '>= 1.3.0'
# See https://github.com/rails/execjs#readme for more supported runtimes
# gem 'therubyracer', platforms: :ruby

# Use CoffeeScript for .coffee assets and views
gem 'coffee-rails', '~> 4.2'
# Turbolinks makes navigating your web application faster. Read more: https://github.com/turbolinks/turbolinks
gem 'turbolinks', '~> 5'
# Build JSON APIs with ease. Read more: https://github.com/rails/jbuilder
gem 'jbuilder', '~> 2.5'
# Use Redis adapter to run Action Cable in production
# gem 'redis', '~> 3.0'
# Use ActiveModel has_secure_password
gem 'bcrypt', '~> 3.1.7'

# Use Capistrano for deployment
# gem 'capistrano-rails', group: :development

group :development, :test do
  # Call 'byebug' anywhere in the code to stop execution and get a debugger console
  gem 'byebug', platforms: [:mri, :mingw, :x64_mingw]
  # Adds support for Capybara system testing and selenium driver
  gem 'capybara', '~> 2.13'
  gem 'selenium-webdriver'
  gem 'rspec-rails'
end

group :development do
  # Access an IRB console on exception pages or by using <%= console %> anywhere in the code.
  gem 'web-console', '>= 3.3.0'
  gem 'listen', '>= 3.0.5', '< 3.2'
  # Spring speeds up development by keeping your application running in the background. Read more: https://github.com/rails/spring
  gem 'spring'
  gem 'spring-watcher-listen', '~> 2.0.0'
  gem 'rails-erd'
end

# Windows does not include zoneinfo files, so bundle the tzinfo-data gem
gem 'tzinfo-data', platforms: [:mingw, :mswin, :x64_mingw, :jruby]

当我尝试运行 rake db:create, rake db:migrate 时会发生以下情况： （当然是在运行 bundle install 之后）

patryk@LenovoY510P ~/Railsapp/test/Movies_app $ rake db:createSpecified 'postgresql' for database adapter, but the gem is not loaded. Add `gem 'pg'` to your Gemfile (and ensure its version is at the minimum required by ActiveRecord).
Couldn't create database for {"adapter"=>"postgresql", "pool"=>5, "timeout"=>5000, "database"=>"my_database_development"}
rake aborted!
Gem::LoadError: Specified 'postgresql' for database adapter, but the gem is not loaded. Add `gem 'pg'` to your Gemfile (and ensure its version is at the minimum required by ActiveRecord).
/home/patryk/Railsapp/test/Movies_app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/connection_specification.rb:188:in `rescue in spec'
/home/patryk/Railsapp/test/Movies_app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/connection_specification.rb:185:in `spec'
/home/patryk/Railsapp/test/Movies_app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:880:in `establish_connection'
/home/patryk/Railsapp/test/Movies_app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/connection_handling.rb:58:in `establish_connection'
/home/patryk/Railsapp/test/Movies_app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/tasks/postgresql_database_tasks.rb:10:in `establish_connection'
/home/patryk/Railsapp/test/Movies_app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/tasks/postgresql_database_tasks.rb:94:in `establish_master_connection'
/home/patryk/Railsapp/test/Movies_app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/tasks/postgresql_database_tasks.rb:18:in `create'
/home/patryk/Railsapp/test/Movies_app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:117:in `create'
/home/patryk/Railsapp/test/Movies_app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:137:in `block in create_current'
/home/patryk/Railsapp/test/Movies_app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:304:in `block in each_current_configuration'
/home/patryk/Railsapp/test/Movies_app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:303:in `each'
/home/patryk/Railsapp/test/Movies_app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:303:in `each_current_configuration'
/home/patryk/Railsapp/test/Movies_app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:136:in `create_current'
/home/patryk/Railsapp/test/Movies_app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/railties/databases.rake:27:in `block (2 levels) in <top (required)>'
/var/lib/gems/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.3.0/exe/rake:27:in `<top (required)>'

Caused by:
Gem::LoadError: can't activate pg (~> 0.18), already activated pg-0.17.1. Make sure all dependencies are added to Gemfile.
/home/patryk/Railsapp/test/Movies_app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:2:in `<top (required)>'
/home/patryk/Railsapp/test/Movies_app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:292:in `require'
/home/patryk/Railsapp/test/Movies_app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:292:in `block in require'
/home/patryk/Railsapp/test/Movies_app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:258:in `load_dependency'
/home/patryk/Railsapp/test/Movies_app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:292:in `require'
/home/patryk/Railsapp/test/Movies_app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/connection_specification.rb:186:in `spec'
/home/patryk/Railsapp/test/Movies_app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:880:in `establish_connection'
/home/patryk/Railsapp/test/Movies_app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/connection_handling.rb:58:in `establish_connection'
/home/patryk/Railsapp/test/Movies_app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/tasks/postgresql_database_tasks.rb:10:in `establish_connection'
/home/patryk/Railsapp/test/Movies_app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/tasks/postgresql_database_tasks.rb:94:in `establish_master_connection'
/home/patryk/Railsapp/test/Movies_app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/tasks/postgresql_database_tasks.rb:18:in `create'
/home/patryk/Railsapp/test/Movies_app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:117:in `create'
/home/patryk/Railsapp/test/Movies_app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:137:in `block in create_current'
/home/patryk/Railsapp/test/Movies_app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:304:in `block in each_current_configuration'
/home/patryk/Railsapp/test/Movies_app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:303:in `each'
/home/patryk/Railsapp/test/Movies_app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:303:in `each_current_configuration'
/home/patryk/Railsapp/test/Movies_app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:136:in `create_current'
/home/patryk/Railsapp/test/Movies_app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/railties/databases.rake:27:in `block (2 levels) in <top (required)>'
/var/lib/gems/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.3.0/exe/rake:27:in `<top (required)>'
Tasks: TOP => db:create
(See full trace by running task with --trace)

如您所见，我已经将 gem 'sqlite3' 更改为 gem 'pg' 与 database.yml 文件相同。我应该怎么做才能解决这个问题？

【问题讨论】：

  • 运行bundle exec rake db:create时会发生同样的情况吗？
  • 是的，同样的事情也会发生。
  • 我似乎您的 pg gem 版本错误。尝试在 Gemfile 中更改为 gem 'pg', '~&gt; 0.18'。你也可以试试bundle clean
  • 完美运行。谢谢！

标签： ruby-on-rails postgresql heroku sqlite


【解决方案1】：

heroku 上仅使用 pg 数据库。

所以用代码修改你的 Gemfile：

gem 'pg'

使用上面的代码，你可以工作pg db 用于heroku/

运行bundle install，然后将Gemfile 和Gemfile.lock 推送到heroku。

然后运行heroku run rake db:migrate 运行所有迁移并创建表。

如果仍然有错误，请尝试：

gem 'pg', '~> 0.20', group: :production

【讨论】：

  • 在开发和生产中使用不同的数据库通常不是最好的主意。除非您非常小心 - 在将新版本部署到生产环境后，您可能会遇到一些意外。
猜你喜欢
  • 2016-06-11
  • 1970-01-01
  • 2021-05-21
  • 2012-05-06
  • 2018-10-22
  • 1970-01-01
  • 2021-06-29
  • 1970-01-01
  • 1970-01-01
相关资源
最近更新 更多
热门标签
Java Python linux javascript Mysql C# Docker 算法 前端 SpringBoot Redis Vue spring 设计模式 .net core .net kubernetes c++ 数据库 数据结构 大数据 js 机器学习 微服务 Android Go 程序员 面试 JVM ASP.net core 云原生 人工智能 后端 PHP git CSS golang k8s Nginx Django mybatis 深度学习 多线程 React 架构 devops 爬虫 云计算 Spring Boot LeetCode