在Python中根据值查找第一行文本

Question

如何在 Python 中的“file.txt”列表中搜索第一个“纬度、经度”坐标的值并获取上面 3 行和下面 3 行？

价值

37.0459

文件.txt

37.04278,-95.58895
37.04369,-95.58592
37.04369,-95.58582
37.04376,-95.58557
37.04376,-95.58546
37.04415,-95.58429
37.0443,-95.5839
37.04446,-95.58346
37.04461,-95.58305
37.04502,-95.58204
37.04516,-95.58184
37.04572,-95.58139
37.04597,-95.58127
37.04565,-95.58073
37.04546,-95.58033
37.04516,-95.57948
37.04508,-95.57914
37.04494,-95.57842
37.04483,-95.5771
37.0448,-95.57674
37.04474,-95.57606
37.04467,-95.57534
37.04462,-95.57474
37.04458,-95.57396
37.04454,-95.57274
37.04452,-95.57233
37.04453,-95.5722
37.0445,-95.57164
37.04448,-95.57122
37.04444,-95.57054
37.04432,-95.56845
37.04432,-95.56834
37.04424,-95.5668
37.044,-95.56251
37.04396,-95.5618

预期结果

37.04502,-95.58204
37.04516,-95.58184
37.04572,-95.58139
37.04597,-95.58127
37.04565,-95.58073
37.04546,-95.58033
37.04516,-95.57948

其他信息

在 linux 中，我可以获得最近的线路并使用 grep、sed、cut 等进行我需要的处理，但我希望在 Python 中。

任何帮助将不胜感激！ 谢谢。

Answer 1

如何搜索第一个“纬度，经度”的值 在 Python 中的“file.txt”列表中进行坐标，并在上面获取 3 行和 3 下面的行？*

---

你可以试试：

with open("text_filter.txt") as f:
    text = f.readlines() # read text lines to list

    filter= "37.0459"
    match = [i for i,x in enumerate(text) if filter in x] # get list index of item matching filter
    if match:
        if len(text) >= match[0]+3: # if list has 3 items after filter, print it
            print("".join(text[match[0]:match[0]+3]).strip())
        print(text[match[0]].strip())
        if match[0] >= 3:  # if list has 3 items before filter, print it
            print("".join(text[match[0]-3:match[0]]).strip())

---

输出：

37.04597,-95.58127
37.04565,-95.58073
37.04546,-95.58033
37.04597,-95.58127
37.04502,-95.58204
37.04516,-95.58184
37.04572,-95.58139

Answer 2

您可以使用 pandas 将数据导入数据框中，然后轻松对其进行操作。根据您的问题，要检查的值不是完全匹配，因此我已将其转换为字符串。

import pandas as pd
data = pd.read_csv("file.txt", header=None, names=["latitude","longitude"]) #imports text file as dataframe
value_to_check = 37.0459 # user defined
for i in range(len(data)):
    if str(value_to_check) == str(data.iloc[i,0])[:len(str(value_to_check))]:
        break
print(data.iloc[i-3:i+4,:])

输出

    latitude  longitude
9   37.04502  -95.58204
10  37.04516  -95.58184
11  37.04572  -95.58139
12  37.04597  -95.58127
13  37.04565  -95.58073
14  37.04546  -95.58033
15  37.04516  -95.57948

Answer 3

一个带有迭代器的解决方案，它只在内存中保留必要的行并且不加载文件的不必要部分：

from collections import deque
from itertools import islice


def find_in_file(file, target, before=3, after=3):

    queue = deque(maxlen=before)
    with open(file) as f:
        for line in f:
            if target in map(float, line.split(',')):
                out = list(queue) + [line] + list(islice(f, 3))
                return out
            queue.append(line)
        else:
            raise ValueError('target not found')

一些测试：

print(find_in_file('test.txt', 37.04597))

# ['37.04502,-95.58204\n', '37.04516,-95.58184\n', '37.04572,-95.58139\n', '37.04597,-95.58127\n',
#  '37.04565,-95.58073\n', '37.04565,-95.58073\n', '37.04565,-95.58073\n']

print(find_in_file('test.txt', 37.044))  # Only one line after the match

# ['37.04432,-95.56845\n', '37.04432,-95.56834\n', '37.04424,-95.5668\n', '37.044,-95.56251\n', 
#   '37.04396,-95.5618\n']

此外，如果匹配之前或之后的行数少于预期的行数，它也会起作用。我们匹配浮点数，而不是字符串，否则 '37.04' 会错误地匹配 '37.0444'。

Answer 4

此解决方案将打印前后元素，即使它们小于 3。 我也使用字符串，因为它暗示你也想要部分匹配的问题。 即。 37.0459 将匹配 37.04597

search_term='37.04462'
with open('file.txt') as f:
    lines = f.readlines()
lines = [line.strip().split(',') for line in lines] #remove '\n'
for lat,lon in lines:
    if search_term in lat:
        index=lines.index([lat,lon])
        break
left=0
right=0
for k in range (1,4): #bcoz last one is not included
    if index-k >=0:
        left+=1
    if index+k<=(len(lines)-1):
        right+=1
for i in range(index-left,index+right+1): #bcoz last one is not included
    print(lines[i][0],lines[i][1])