Django 模型：用户 ID

Question

我目前正在构建一个帮助台票务系统作为学校项目。我正在使用内置的 django 身份验证系统，我想参考身份验证系统中的用户 ID。例如，工单将分配给某个帮助台员工。我的模型的一部分：

class Ticket(models.Model):
    category = models.ManyToManyField(Category)
    title = models.CharField(max_length=30)
    submitted = models.DateTimeField(editable=False)
    submitter = #reference to user
    assignedTo = #reference to helpdesk employee

用户在组user，服务台员工在组helpdeskemployee django auth 系统。

我已经找到this 和this

所以我尝试了这个：

class Ticket(models.Model):
    category = models.ManyToManyField(Category)
    title = models.CharField(max_length=30)
    submitted = models.DateTimeField(editable=False)
    submitter = models.OneToOneField(User)
    assignedTo = user = models.OneToOneField(User)

但这在运行python manage.py syncdb 时会出现以下错误：

CommandError: One or more models did not validate:
deskman.ticket: Accessor for field 'submitter' clashes with related field 'User.ticket'. Add a related_name argument to the definition for 'submitter'.
deskman.ticket: Reverse query name for field 'submitter' clashes with related field 'User.ticket'. Add a related_name argument to the definition for 'submitter'.
deskman.ticket: Accessor for field 'assignedTo' clashes with related field 'User.ticket'. Add a related_name argument to the definition for 'assignedTo'.
deskman.ticket: Reverse query name for field 'assignedTo' clashes with related field 'User.ticket'. Add a related_name argument to the definition for 'assignedTo'.
deskman.ticket: Accessor for field 'assignedTo' clashes with related field 'User.ticket'. Add a related_name argument to the definition for 'assignedTo'.
deskman.ticket: Reverse query name for field 'assignedTo' clashes with related field 'User.ticket'. Add a related_name argument to the definition for 'assignedTo'.

Answer 1

首先，您可能不想使用OneToOneField。这意味着用户只能拥有一张票。 ForeignKey 关系会更好。

class Ticket(models.Model):
    category = models.ManyToManyField(Category)
    title = models.CharField(max_length=30)
    submitted = models.DateTimeField(editable=False)
    submitter = models.ForeignKey(User)
    assignedTo = models.ForeignKey(User)

您收到错误的原因是您与 Ticket 的同一模型有两个关系。这意味着，如果您有一个 User 对象并且您正在尝试反转它，则不清楚您要使用哪种关系：

 user.ticket_set.all() 
 # Do you want `submitter` tickets, or `assignedTo` tickets? It's not clear

要修复它，请为每个字段添加 related_name 属性

class Ticket(models.Model):
    category = models.ManyToManyField(Category)
    title = models.CharField(max_length=30)
    submitted = models.DateTimeField(editable=False)
    submitter = models.ForeignKey(User, related_name="tickets_submitter")
    assignedTo = models.ForeignKey(User, related_name="tickets_assignedto")

现在你可以分别得到两个反向关系：

 user.tickets_submitter.all()
 user.tickets_assignedto.all()