Django 1.7 将代码放在哪里以编程方式添加组？

Question

我一直试图在 Django Auth 文档中找到答案，但似乎找不到我要找的东西。

我遇到的问题是，当我定义添加组的代码时（与管理页面中的组相同）：

#read_only
group, created = Group.objects.get_or_create(name='read_only')   
if created:
    group.permissions.add(can_read_campaign)
    logger.info('read_only_user Group created')
#standard
group, created = Group.objects.get_or_create(name='standard_user') 
if created:
    group.permissions.add(can_edit_users)
    logger.info('standard_user Group created')
#admin
group, created = Group.objects.get_or_create(name='admin_user') 
if created:
    group.permissions.add(can_edit_campaign, can_edit_users)
    logger.info('admin_user Group created')

当我在 models.py 和 init.py 中运行此代码时，它们都给了我这个错误：

django.core.exceptions.AppRegistryNotReady

我认为这是由于 Model/init 试图过早将内容插入 django 应用程序/管理员？

如何以编程方式添加这些组？

编辑：

这不是一个重复的问题，这实际上是在项目设置期间在模型中添加权限和组，而不是通过 shell。

我已经通过使用信号和接收器（django 模块）解决了这个问题。

我将用于创建权限/组的代码添加到它自己的函数中，并用接收器 (post_migrate) 对其进行修饰，它将在迁移完成后运行此函数，从而消除此错误。

@receiver(post_migrate)
def init_groups(sender, **kwargs):
    #permission and group code goes here

Answer 1

我被推荐this 这样做的方式：

在适当的模块中创建一个假迁移：

python manage.py makemigrations --empty yourappname

打开创建的文件，应该是这样的：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from django.db import models, migrations

class Migration(migrations.Migration):

    dependencies = [
        ('yourappname', '0001_initial'),
    ]

    operations = [
    ]

并添加您的代码：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from django.db import models, migrations

def add_group_permissions():
    #read_only
    group, created = Group.objects.get_or_create(name='read_only')   
    if created:
        group.permissions.add(can_read_campaign)
        logger.info('read_only_user Group created')

    #standard
    group, created = Group.objects.get_or_create(name='standard_user') 
    if created:
        group.permissions.add(can_edit_users)
        logger.info('standard_user Group created')

    #admin
    group, created = Group.objects.get_or_create(name='admin_user') 
    if created:
        group.permissions.add(can_edit_campaign, can_edit_users)
        logger.info('admin_user Group created')

class Migration(migrations.Migration):

    dependencies = [
        ('yourappname', '0001_initial'),
    ]

    operations = [
        migrations.RunPython(add_group_permissions),
    ]

最后，运行迁移：

python manage.py migrate

这很好，因为您可以部署到 Heroku 或任何地方，并确保它会被应用，因为这只是另一个迁移。

Answer 2

结合@Robert Grant 和this 我可以做到：

python manage.py makemigrations --empty yourappname

然后：

from django.contrib.auth.models import Group, Permission
from django.db import models, migrations
import logging


logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

campaign_group_permissions = {
  "Campaign Manager": [
    "add_campaign",
    "change_campaign",
    "delete_campaign",
    "view_campaign",
    "add_campaignsms",
    "add_sending",
    "change_sending",
    "view_sending"
  ]
}


def add_group_permissions():
    # See https://code.djangoproject.com/ticket/23422
    db_alias = schema_editor.connection.alias
    try:
        emit_post_migrate_signal(2, False, 'default')
    except TypeError:  # Django < 1.8
        emit_post_migrate_signal([], 2, False, 'default', db_alias)

    for group in campaign_group_permissions:
        role, created = Group.objects.get_or_create(name=group)
        logger.info(f'{group} Group created')
        for perm in campaign_group_permissions[group]:
            role.permissions.add(Permission.objects.get(codename=perm))
            logger.info(f'Permitting {group} to {perm}')
        role.save()


class Migration(migrations.Migration):

    dependencies = [
        ('yourappname', '0001_initial'),
    ]

    operations = [
        migrations.RunPython(add_group_permissions),
    ]

注意：这适用于 Django 3.x，但我很确定它也适用于 Django 1.7。

Answer 3

@Ruloweb 的出色响应几乎对我有用，但我必须进行一些调整才能使其在具有多个应用程序的 Django 3.1 中工作。

首先，我需要向 add_group_permissions() 函数添加参数。我还需要导入 emit_post_migration_signal：

from django.contrib.auth.models import Group, Permission
from django.core.management.sql import emit_post_migrate_signal # <-- Added this
from django.db import models, migrations
import logging

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

public_group_permissions = {
  "Your permission group name here": ['your permissions here']
}

def add_group_permissions(apps, schema_editor): # <-- updated this

    # See https://code.djangoproject.com/ticket/23422
    db_alias = schema_editor.connection.alias

    try:
        emit_post_migrate_signal(2, False, 'default')
    except TypeError:  # Django < 1.8
        emit_post_migrate_signal([], 2, False, 'default', db_alias)

    for group in public_group_permissions:
        role, created = Group.objects.get_or_create(name=group)
        logger.info(f'{group} Group created')
        for perm in public_group_permissions[group]:
            role.permissions.add(Permission.objects.get(codename=perm))
            logger.info(f'Permitting {group} to {perm}')
        role.save()


class Migration(migrations.Migration):

    dependencies = [
        ('your_app_name', '0001_initial'),
    ]

    operations = [
        migrations.RunPython(add_group_permissions),
    ]