Django中的自定义用户模型

Question

我想使用 djangodocs 中所述的django.contrib.auth.models.AbstractUser 创建自定义用户模型：

如果您对 Django 的 User 模型非常满意，并且只想 添加一些额外的配置文件信息，您可以简单地子类化 django.contrib.auth.models.AbstractUser 并添加您的自定义配置文件 字段。这个类提供了默认的完整实现 用户作为抽象模型。

所以我在Users 类中继承了AbstractUser 类并添加了一个字段。但是当我运行python manage.py syncdb 时，出现以下错误：

CommandError: One or more models did not validate:
admin.logentry: 'user' has a relation with model login.users, which has either 
not been installed or is abstract.

我查看了有关 stackoverflow 的其他问题，但无法解决错误。这是我的代码：

models.py

from django.conf import settings
from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.admin import UserAdmin
from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser
from django.contrib import admin

class Users(AbstractUser):
    college = models.CharField(max_length=40)

admin.site.register(Users, UserAdmin)

admin.py

from django.contrib import admin
from django.contrib.auth.admin import UserAdmin
from django.contrib.auth.forms import UserChangeForm, UserCreationForm
from login.models import Users
from django import forms

class UsersChangeForm(UserChangeForm):
    class Meta(UserChangeForm.Meta):
        model = Users

class UsersAdmin(UserAdmin):
    form = UsersChangeForm

    fieldsets = UserAdmin.fieldsets + (
            (None, {'fields': ('college',)}),
    )


admin.site.register(Users, UsersAdmin)

settings.py

INSTALLED_APPS = (
    'forms',
    'login',
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
)

MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = (
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
)

AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'login.users'

编辑：

我想将用户信息存储在与auth_user 相同的表中，而不是新表中。

Answer 1

我在我的一个项目中做到了这一点。我很惊讶你扩展了 User 因为the doc says something else :) 你可以扩展 Django User 模型，但是如果你只想添加新字段（而不是改变它的行为），你应该使用 OneToOneField .

If you wish to store information related to User, you can use a one-to-one
relationship to a model containing the fields for additional information.

因此，正如您在链接中看到的，您的代码应如下所示：

from django.contrib.auth.models import User

class MyUser(models.Model):
    user = models.OneToOneField(User)

    # Or a ForeingKey to the College table?
    college = models.CharField(max_length=40)

    other_data = ...

Answer 2

使用 get_user_model()（获取项目中活动的用户模型。在 django.contrib.auth 中定义）和 AUTH_USER_MODEL（引用用户模型）来保持代码通用是一个好习惯，而不是直接引用 User 模型。

from django.conf import settings

class MyUser(models.Model):
    user = models.OneToOneField(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL)

    # Or a ForeingKey to the College table?
    college = models.CharField(max_length=40)

    other_data = ...

Answer 3

尝试在 models.py 中删除这一行：

admin.site.register(Users, UserAdmin)

我发现了您的错误，您的 INSTALLED_APPS 顺序错误，它们应该是下一个：

INSTALLED_APPS = (
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    #'django.contrib.sites',
    #'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    # Uncomment the next line to enable the admin:
    'django.contrib.admin',
    # Uncomment the next line to enable admin documentation:
    # 'django.contrib.admindocs',
    'login',
    'forms',
)

AUTH_USER_MODEL = "login.User"

为什么？

看着source code admin 使用了 User 模型，所以也许你可以这样想：

但是我的用户模型在 login 应用程序中，而这个在 admin 应用程序之前，因此 login 在 admin 之前安装，为什么它不起作用？ .那是因为 django.contrib.auth 是可交换的（在您的情况下，模型可以替换为另一个模型已通过 login.User 交换）所以当您创建一个新的用户模型时，django 必须更改其用户模型到新的，然后你必须安装其余的。

How must be at the moment of run syncdb:


1.- django.contrib.auth is installed, then this see if has been swapped, if yes it adds the new field or override completely the User Model (in your case only you add a field).

2.- admin, contentypes.... your apps, are installed and all works.

How you had it:

1.- login is installed (where the new User Model was, you put the AUTH_USER_MODEL in settings)

2.- Then forms.

3.- Then django tries to install the admin app but it can't because auth_user table hasn't been added that's because django.contrib.auth was after admin, therefore there is no User Model, this one isnt's swapped and this throws the error  **admin.logentry: 'user' has a relation with model login.users, which has either 
not been installed or is abstract.**

因此，首先您必须始终安装 django.contrib.auth 应用程序，然后安装所有依赖的应用程序。