【发布时间】：2016-08-08 01:37:39
【问题描述】：
当我为我的 Django 项目编写测试时，与实际测试被测对象相比，我必须编写更多的代码来设置数据库记录。目前，我尝试使用测试夹具来存储相关字段，但我是否可以使用模拟对象来模拟需要大量工作才能设置的相关表？
这是一个简单的例子。我想根据其健康状况测试Person 对象是否会spawn() 孩子。
在这种情况下，一个人的城市是必填字段，所以我必须先设置一个城市才能创建一个人，尽管城市与spawn()方法完全无关。我怎样才能简化这个测试而不需要创建一个城市？ （在一个典型的例子中，不相关但需要的设置可能是数十或数百条记录，而不仅仅是一条。）
# Tested with Django 1.9.2
import sys
import django
from django.apps import apps
from django.apps.config import AppConfig
from django.conf import settings
from django.db import connections, models, DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS
from django.db.models.base import ModelBase
NAME = 'udjango'
def main():
setup()
class City(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
class Person(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
city = models.ForeignKey(City, related_name='residents')
health = models.IntegerField()
def spawn(self):
for i in range(self.health):
self.children.create(name='Child{}'.format(i))
class Child(models.Model):
parent = models.ForeignKey(Person, related_name='children')
name = models.CharField(max_length=255)
syncdb(City)
syncdb(Person)
syncdb(Child)
# A typical unit test would start here.
# The set up is irrelevant to the test, but required by the database.
city = City.objects.create(name='Vancouver')
# Actual test
dad = Person.objects.create(name='Dad', health=2, city=city)
dad.spawn()
# Validation
children = dad.children.all()
num_children = len(children)
assert num_children == 2, num_children
name2 = children[1].name
assert name2 == 'Child1', name2
# End of typical unit test.
print('Done.')
def setup():
DB_FILE = NAME + '.db'
with open(DB_FILE, 'w'):
pass # wipe the database
settings.configure(
DEBUG=True,
DATABASES={
DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS: {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
'NAME': DB_FILE}},
LOGGING={'version': 1,
'disable_existing_loggers': False,
'formatters': {
'debug': {
'format': '%(asctime)s[%(levelname)s]'
'%(name)s.%(funcName)s(): %(message)s',
'datefmt': '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'}},
'handlers': {
'console': {
'level': 'DEBUG',
'class': 'logging.StreamHandler',
'formatter': 'debug'}},
'root': {
'handlers': ['console'],
'level': 'WARN'},
'loggers': {
"django.db": {"level": "WARN"}}})
app_config = AppConfig(NAME, sys.modules['__main__'])
apps.populate([app_config])
django.setup()
original_new_func = ModelBase.__new__
@staticmethod
def patched_new(cls, name, bases, attrs):
if 'Meta' not in attrs:
class Meta:
app_label = NAME
attrs['Meta'] = Meta
return original_new_func(cls, name, bases, attrs)
ModelBase.__new__ = patched_new
def syncdb(model):
""" Standard syncdb expects models to be in reliable locations.
Based on https://github.com/django/django/blob/1.9.3
/django/core/management/commands/migrate.py#L285
"""
connection = connections[DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS]
with connection.schema_editor() as editor:
editor.create_model(model)
main()
【问题讨论】：
标签： python django unit-testing