无法使用硒输入凭据

Question

我正在尝试使用selenium 登录网站：

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get("https://www.eco-visio.net/v5/")
username = driver.find_element_by_id("login-username")
username.send_keys("midregcog.admin")

但我收到以下错误

ElementNotInteractableException           Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-9-975030640535> in <module>()
      8 driver.get("https://www.eco-visio.net/v5/")
      9 username = driver.find_element_by_id("login-username")
---> 10 username.send_keys("midregcog.admin")
     11 

C:\Anaconda2\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webelement.pyc in send_keys(self, *value)
    477         self._execute(Command.SEND_KEYS_TO_ELEMENT,
    478                       {'text': "".join(keys_to_typing(value)),
--> 479                        'value': keys_to_typing(value)})
    480 
    481     # RenderedWebElement Items

C:\Anaconda2\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webelement.pyc in _execute(self, command, params)
    631             params = {}
    632         params['id'] = self._id
--> 633         return self._parent.execute(command, params)
    634 
    635     def find_element(self, by=By.ID, value=None):

C:\Anaconda2\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.pyc in execute(self, driver_command, params)
    319         response = self.command_executor.execute(driver_command, params)
    320         if response:
--> 321             self.error_handler.check_response(response)
    322             response['value'] = self._unwrap_value(
    323                 response.get('value', None))

C:\Anaconda2\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\errorhandler.pyc in check_response(self, response)
    240                 alert_text = value['alert'].get('text')
    241             raise exception_class(message, screen, stacktrace, alert_text)
--> 242         raise exception_class(message, screen, stacktrace)
    243 
    244     def _value_or_default(self, obj, key, default):

ElementNotInteractableException: Message: element not interactable
  (Session info: chrome=74.0.3729.131)
  (Driver info: chromedriver=74.0.3729.6 (255758eccf3d244491b8a1317aa76e1ce10d57e9-refs/branch-heads/3729@{#29}),platform=Windows NT 10.0.17134 x86_64)

这是我试图获取的网站的 id 标签。

Answer 1

正如here 解释的那样，您需要使用 javascript 人为地单击该元素，因为它是由 javascript 本身制作的（selenium 无法“看到”该元素）。另一个类似情况的例子是my answer on this question。像这样调整你的代码是可行的（我也实现了等待，但这可能不是必需的）：

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.common import action_chains
import time

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get("https://www.eco-visio.net/v5/")
username_element = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, "//form/div/input[@id='login-username']")))# driver.find_element_by_id("login-username")

driver.execute_script("arguments[0].click();", username_element)
time.sleep(1) # give the click a moment to register
action = action_chains.ActionChains(driver)
action.send_keys("midregcog.admin")
action.perform()

这可以填写我机器上的字段！希望这会有所帮助。

更新

@MarcelWilson 指出您只需要等待页面加载（不完全确定为什么，因为它是，并且通过几个测试我不确定为什么它不能仅通过显式等待来工作。显然第一个答案过于复杂，您可以通过以下方式达到预期的效果：

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
import time

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get("https://www.eco-visio.net/v5/")
username_element = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, "//form/div/input[@id='login-username']")))# driver.find_element_by_id("login-username")
time.sleep(2) # give a longer wait than the explicit wait in the previous line
username_element.click()
username_element.send_keys("username")
password_element = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, "//form/div/input[@id='login-password'][@type='password']")))# driver.find_element_by_id("login-username")
password_element.click()
password_element.send_keys("password")

我认为这可能是因为在生成页面的 javascript 中（而且我不是 javascript 专家）有诸如 if: loaded() 这样的行，这让我相信明确的 WebDriverWait 正在获取元素，但是javascript仍在加载它的过程中。所以WebDriverWait确保元素存在，time.sleep(2)确保它在尝试与之交互之前也被加载，此时看起来你可以交互将其作为正常页面没有问题。我什至要为这篇文章学习一些新东西 XD！

Answer 2

问题是 selenium 在元素完成加载到 DOM 之前尝试与元素交互。解决此问题的一种方法是将 WebDriverWait 与 expected_conditions 模块结合使用来“查找”元素并然后与它们进行交互。

试试这样的。

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get("https://www.eco-visio.net/v5/")
wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10)
ec = EC.visibility_of_element_located((By.ID, "login-username"))
try:
    username = wait.until(ec, f"Could not find {ec.locator}")
    username.send_keys("midregcog.admin")
except Exception as exc:
    raise
finally:
    driver.quit()