从 HTML 中提取脚本标签中的字符串

Question

我正在尝试制作一个网络爬虫来从以下网站获取数据（我稍后想为同一网站上的几家航空公司做这件事）： https://www.flightradar24.com/data/airlines/kl-klm/routes

我目前有以下代码：

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import requests

airlines = ['kl-klm']

for a in airlines:
    url = 'https://www.flightradar24.com/data/airlines/' + a + '/routes'
    page = requests.get(url)
    soup = BeautifulSoup(page.text, 'html.parser')
    print(soup)

这给了我整个页面的源代码，但我想在脚本标签中提取一段特定的文本，即

var arrRoutes=[{"airport1":{"country":"Denmark","iata":"AAL","icao":"EKYT","lat":57.092781,"lon":9.849164,"name":"Aalborg Airport"},"airport2":{"country":"Netherlands","iata":"AMS","icao":"EHAM","lat":52.308609,"lon":4.763889,"name":"Amsterdam Schiphol Airport"}},{"airport1":{"country":"United Kingdom","iata":"ABZ","icao":"EGPD","lat":57.201939,"lon":-2.19777,"name":"Aberdeen International Airport"},"airport2":{"country":"Netherlands","iata":"AMS","icao":"EHAM","lat":52.308609,"lon":4.763889,"name":"Amsterdam Schiphol Airport"}}...

...等等。一直到列表的末尾。

如何提取此信息，以便我可以找到每个机场的入境和出境航班总数？例如，阿姆斯特丹史基浦机场作为机场 1 或 2 出现的总次数？

有没有办法先从 HTML 中提取字符串，然后将其转换为带有字典的 Python 列表？还是直接计算字符串中的每个元素更有意义？

Answer 1

使用re.compile

例如：

import re

soup = BeautifulSoup(page.text, 'html.parser')
jData = soup.find("script", text=re.compile(r"var arrRoutes=.*?")).string
print( jData.replace("var arrRoutes=", ""))

输出：

[{"airport1":{"country":"Denmark","iata":"AAL","icao":"EKYT","lat":57.092781,"lon":9.849164,"name":"Aalborg Airport"},"airport2":{"country":"Netherlands","iata":"AMS","icao":"EHAM","lat":52.308609,"lon":4.763889,"name":"Amsterdam Schiphol Airport"}},{"airport1":{"country":"United Kingdom","iata":"ABZ","icao":"EGPD","lat":57.201939,"lon":-2.19777,"name":"Aberdeen International Airport"},"airport2":{"country":"Netherlands","iata":"AMS","icao":"EHAM","lat":52.308609,"lon":4.763889,"name":"Amsterdam Schiphol Airport"}},......

Answer 2

您可以使用ast.literal_eval 将数据提取到python 列表中。我做了一个简单的函数find_airport()，在这里你提供数据和机场名称，并返回它在 airport_1 和 airport_2 的次数：

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import requests
import re
from ast import literal_eval
from pprint import pprint

airlines = ['kl-klm']

headers = {"Host":"www.flightradar24.com",
"Accept":"text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8",
"Accept-Encoding":"gzip,deflate,br",
"User-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/47.0.2526.80 Safari/537.36"}

def find_aiport(data, name):
    airport_1, airport_2 = 0, 0
    for d in data:
        if d['airport1']['name'] == name:
            airport_1 += 1
        if d['airport2']['name'] == name:
            airport_2 += 1
    return airport_1, airport_2

for a in airlines:
    url = 'https://www.flightradar24.com/data/airlines/' + a + '/routes'
    page = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
    soup = BeautifulSoup(page.text, 'lxml')

    m = re.search(r'(?<=arrRoutes=)\[\{(.*?)\}\]', soup.text)
    l = literal_eval(m[0])
    pprint(l)

    print(find_aiport(l, 'Amsterdam Schiphol Airport'))

打印：

[{'airport1': {'country': 'Denmark',
               'iata': 'AAL',
               'icao': 'EKYT',
               'lat': 57.092781,
               'lon': 9.849164,
               'name': 'Aalborg Airport'},
  'airport2': {'country': 'Netherlands',
               'iata': 'AMS',
               'icao': 'EHAM',
               'lat': 52.308609,
               'lon': 4.763889,
               'name': 'Amsterdam Schiphol Airport'}},
 {'airport1': {'country': 'United Kingdom',
               'iata': 'ABZ',
               'icao': 'EGPD',
               'lat': 57.201939,
               'lon': -2.19777,
               'name': 'Aberdeen International Airport'},
  'airport2': {'country': 'Netherlands',
               'iata': 'AMS',
               'icao': 'EHAM',
               'lat': 52.308609,
               'lon': 4.763889,
               'name': 'Amsterdam Schiphol Airport'}},

...and so on

最后：

(147, 146)

对于“阿姆斯特丹史基浦机场”