BeautifulSoup：获取具有某个属性的元素，与它的值无关

Question

假设我有以下 html：

<div id='0'>
    stuff here
</div>

<div id='1'>
    stuff here
</div>

<div id='2'>
    stuff here
</div>

<div id='3'>
    stuff here
</div>

是否有一种简单的方法可以提取所有具有id 属性的div，而与使用BeautifulSoup 的值无关？我意识到使用 xpath 执行此操作很简单，但似乎无法在 BeautifulSoup 中执行 xpath 搜索。

Answer 1

使用id=True 仅匹配具有属性集的元素：

soup.find_all('div', id=True)

反之亦然；您可以使用id 属性排除标签：

soup.find_all('div', id=False):

要查找具有给定属性的标签，您还可以使用CSS selectors：

soup.select('div[id]'):

但不幸的是，这不支持搜索逆运算所需的运算符。

演示：

>>> from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
>>> sample = '''\
... <div id="id1">This has an id</div>
... <div>This has none</div>
... <div id="id2">This one has an id too</div>
... <div>But this one has no clue (or id)</div>
... '''
>>> soup = BeautifulSoup(sample)
>>> soup.find_all('div', id=True)
[<div id="id1">This has an id</div>, <div id="id2">This one has an id too</div>]
>>> soup.find_all('div', id=False)
[<div>This has none</div>, <div>But this one has no clue (or id)</div>]
>>> soup.select('div[id]')
[<div id="id1">This has an id</div>, <div id="id2">This one has an id too</div>]

Answer 2

BeautifulSoup4 支持commonly-used css selectors。

>>> import bs4
>>>
>>> soup = bs4.BeautifulSoup('''
... <div id="0"> this </div>
... <div> not this </div>
... <div id="2"> this too </div>
... ''')
>>> soup.select('div[id]')
[<div id="0"> this </div>, <div id="2"> this too </div>]