我的网络爬虫不适用于 BeautifulSoup

Question

我正在尝试使用 Python 制作网络爬虫。我从 Toby Segaran 的 Programming Collective Intelligence 书中借用了这段代码。由于书中的代码已经过时，我做了一些必要的更改，但程序仍然没有按预期执行。这是我的代码：

import urllib
from urllib import request
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from urllib.parse import urljoin
import bs4
# Create a list of words to ignore
ignorewords=set(['the','of','to','and','a','in','is','it'])

class crawler:
# Initialize the crawler with the name of database
    def __init__(self,dbname): 
        pass
    def __del__(self): pass
    def dbcommit(self):
        pass
    # Auxilliary function for getting an entry id and adding
    # it if it's not present
    def getentryid(self,table,field,value,createnew=True):
        return None
    # Index an individual page
    def addtoindex(self,url,soup):
        print('Indexing %s' % url)
    # Extract the text from an HTML page (no tags)
    def gettextonly(self,soup):
        return None
    # Separate the words by any non-whitespace character
    def separatewords(self,text):
        return None
    # Return true if this url is already indexed
    def isindexed(self,url):
        return False
    # Add a link between two pages
    def addlinkref(self,urlFrom,urlTo,linkText):
        pass
    # Starting with a list of pages, do a breadth
    # first search to the given depth, indexing pages
    # as we go
    def crawl(self,pages,depth=2):
        pass
    # Create the database tables
    def createindextables(self):
        pass

    def crawl(self,pages,depth=2):
        for i in range(depth):
            newpages=set( )
            for page in pages:
                try:
                    c=request.urlopen(page)
                except:
                    print("Could not open %s" % page)
                    continue
                soup=BeautifulSoup(c.read())
                self.addtoindex(page,soup)
                links=soup('a')
                for link in links:
                    if ('href' in dict(link.attrs)):
                        url=urljoin(page,link['href'])
                        if url.find("'")!=-1: continue
                        url=url.split('#')[0] # remove location portion
                        if url[0:4]=='http' and not self.isindexed(url):
                            newpages.add(url)
                        linkText=self.gettextonly(link)
                        self.addlinkref(page,url,linkText)
                self.dbcommit( )
        pages=newpages


pagelist=['http://google.com']
#pagelist=['file:///C:/Users/admin/Desktop/abcd.html']
crawler=crawler('')
crawler.crawl(pagelist)

我得到的唯一输出是 “索引http://google.com” “索引http://google.com” 按任意键继续...

每次我在页面列表中添加另一个链接时，我都会得到与“索引 xyz”相同的输出，其中 xyz 是我放入页面列表中的每个链接。我也尝试过制作一个包含大量 <a> 标签的 HTML 文件，但也没有用。

Answer 1

问题出在你的link=soup('a') 行。如果要查找“a”类的元素，则应使用名为“find_element_by...”的不同方法（参见 bs4 文档）