做汤没有得到所有数据

Question

我现在要道歉，因为我确信我的问题格式和我提供的信息与本网站的预期不符。我已经编写 SQL 和 VBA 数年了，我正在尝试学习第三种语言来提高我的技能。随着时间的推移，我会变得更好。

现在我的问题...

我正在尝试使用在 BasketballReference.com 上有效的代码来抓取一系列表格，但是在 NBA.com 上，代码什么也没有返回。进一步挖掘时，make_soup 不包含我在浏览器中检查表格时看到的 tr 和 td 标签。下面是我正在使用的代码，作为我的 csv 文件外观图片的参考。

import urllib
import urllib.request
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import os
import csv
import time

def make_soup(url):
    thepage = urllib.request.urlopen(url)
    soupdata = BeautifulSoup(thepage, "html.parser")
    return soupdata

with open('PlayTypeKey.csv', 'r') as PlaytypeData:
    csv_reader = csv.reader(PlaytypeData)

    a = []
    b = []
    c = []
    d = []

    next(csv_reader)

    for row in csv_reader:
        a1 = row[0]
        b1 = row[1]
        c1 = row[2]
        d1 = row[3]

        a.append(a1)
        b.append(b1)
        c.append(c1)
        d.append(d1)

playerdatasaved = ""
i = 0

while i < 5:
    soup = make_soup("http://stats.nba.com/players/"+a[i]+"/?Season="+b[i]+"&SeasonType=Regular%20Season&PerMode="+c[i]+"&OD="+d[i])

    for record in soup.findAll('tr'):
        playerdata = b[i]+ a[i] + ","
        for data in record.findAll('td'):
            playerdata=playerdata+","+data.text
        playerdatasaved = playerdatasaved + "\n" + playerdata[1:]
    i=i+1

header = "Season,PlayType,PLAYER,TEAM,GP,POSS,FREQ,PPP,PTS,FGM,FGA,FG%,EFG%,FT-Freq,TO-Freq,SF-Freq,AND ONE-Freq,SCORE-Freq,PERCENTILE"

file = open(os.path.expanduser("BasketballPlayTypeData.csv"), "wb")
file.write(bytes(header, encoding="ascii", errors='ignore'))
file.write(bytes(playerdatasaved, encoding="ascii", errors='ignore'))

PlayTypeKey.csv 数据：

PlayType    Season  Mode    OffDef
isolation   2015-16 Totals  offensive
isolation   2016-17 Totals  offensive
isolation   2017-18 Totals  offensive
transition  2015-16 Totals  offensive
transition  2016-17 Totals  offensive
transition  2017-18 Totals  offensive

我有限的故障排除能力告诉我，当我用 URL 制作汤时，表格数据没有返回。当打印汤的文字时，我得到了这个......

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上面粘贴的内容的底部是表格的标题，但表格本身没有相应的文本或代码。我不会用打印 HTML 时得到的内容来混淆这篇文章，但在搜索 tr 或 td 标签时我没有得到任何结果。

提前感谢任何花时间研究此问题的人，我只想说这个网站对我来说已经非常有价值。

Answer 1

该网页不包含任何带有TR 和TD 的表格。它由页面显示，首先通过单独的调用请求所有数据，然后使用 Javascript 呈现。通常，您需要使用 selenium 之类的东西来完成此操作，但更快的方法是使用浏览器监控网络请求并使用 Python 重新创建它们。

在这种情况下，请求导致所有数据以 JSON 格式返回，这比需要 BeautifulSoup 更容​​易解析。只需使用 Python 的 JSON 库加载它，您就可以将所有玩家数据作为一个大的 Python 数据结构。

读取 CSV 文件时，一次使用一行信息比尝试构建多个列表然后在单独的循环中为它们编制索引更容易。

您需要的 JSON 请求与您尝试获取的 HTML 页面的参数（如在浏览器中监控网络活动所见）略有不同，因此需要更新 CSV 文件：

PlayType,Season,Mode,OffDef
isolation,2015,Totals,offensive
isolation,2016,Totals,offensive
isolation,2017,Totals,offensive
transition,2015,Totals,offensive
transition,2016,Totals,offensive
transition,2017,Totals,offensive

获取数据的脚本如下：

import urllib
import urllib.request
import os
import csv
import json
from operator import itemgetter

fieldnames = ["PlayerFirstName", "PlayerLastName", "TeamNameAbbreviation", "GP", "Poss"]
req_fields = itemgetter(*fieldnames)

with open("PlayTypeKey.csv", "r", newline="") as f_input, \
     open(os.path.expanduser("BasketballPlayTypeData.csv"), "w", newline="") as f_output:

    csv_input = csv.reader(f_input)
    next(csv_input)

    csv_output = csv.writer(f_output)
    csv_output.writerow(fieldnames)

    for play_type, season, mode, off_def in csv_input:
        url = f"http://stats-prod.nba.com/wp-json/statscms/v1/synergy/player/?category={play_type}&limit=500&names={off_def}&season={season}&seasonType=Reg"
        print(url)
        json_data = urllib.request.urlopen(url).read()
        data = json.loads(json_data)

        for player in data['results']:
            row = [season, play_type] + list(req_fields(player))
            csv_output.writerow(row)

如果您要打印json_data，您将看到每个玩家可用的所有可能数据。我已经展示了如何提取前几列。 itemgetter() 用作从每个玩家条目中提取所需位的快捷方式。

此脚本将为您提供一个输出 CSV 文件，开始：

PlayerFirstName,PlayerLastName,TeamNameAbbreviation,GP,Poss
2015,isolation,Aaron,Gordon,ORL,78,30
2015,isolation,Norman,Powell,TOR,49,9
2015,isolation,Al,Jefferson,CHA,47,9

您显然可以修改输出以使其与您的其他站点相同。这种方法的一大优势是您将在一次调用中获取所有玩家数据，无需循环浏览多个页面。