Python 中的简单 URL GET/POST 函数

Question

我似乎无法谷歌它，但我想要一个这样做的函数：

接受 3 个参数（或更多，随便）：

• 网址
• 参数字典
• POST 或 GET

将结果和响应代码返回给我。

有这样的sn-p吗？

Answer 1

请求

https://github.com/kennethreitz/requests/

以下是几种常用的使用方法：

import requests
url = 'https://...'
payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}

# GET
r = requests.get(url)

# GET with params in URL
r = requests.get(url, params=payload)

# POST with form-encoded data
r = requests.post(url, data=payload)

# POST with JSON 
import json
r = requests.post(url, data=json.dumps(payload))

# Response, status etc
r.text
r.status_code

httplib2

https://github.com/jcgregorio/httplib2

>>> from httplib2 import Http
>>> from urllib import urlencode
>>> h = Http()
>>> data = dict(name="Joe", comment="A test comment")
>>> resp, content = h.request("http://bitworking.org/news/223/Meet-Ares", "POST", urlencode(data))
>>> resp
{'status': '200', 'transfer-encoding': 'chunked', 'vary': 'Accept-Encoding,User-Agent',
 'server': 'Apache', 'connection': 'close', 'date': 'Tue, 31 Jul 2007 15:29:52 GMT', 
 'content-type': 'text/html'}

Answer 2

更简单：通过requests 模块。

import requests
get_response = requests.get(url='http://google.com')
post_data = {'username':'joeb', 'password':'foobar'}
# POST some form-encoded data:
post_response = requests.post(url='http://httpbin.org/post', data=post_data)

要发送非表单编码的数据，请将其序列化为字符串（示例取自documentation）：

import json
post_response = requests.post(url='http://httpbin.org/post', data=json.dumps(post_data))
# If using requests v2.4.2 or later, pass the dict via the json parameter and it will be encoded directly:
post_response = requests.post(url='http://httpbin.org/post', json=post_data)

Answer 3

你可以用它来包装 urllib2：

def URLRequest(url, params, method="GET"):
    if method == "POST":
        return urllib2.Request(url, data=urllib.urlencode(params))
    else:
        return urllib2.Request(url + "?" + urllib.urlencode(params))

这将返回一个包含结果数据和响应代码的 Request 对象。

Answer 4

import urllib

def fetch_thing(url, params, method):
    params = urllib.urlencode(params)
    if method=='POST':
        f = urllib.urlopen(url, params)
    else:
        f = urllib.urlopen(url+'?'+params)
    return (f.read(), f.code)


content, response_code = fetch_thing(
                              'http://google.com/', 
                              {'spam': 1, 'eggs': 2, 'bacon': 0}, 
                              'GET'
                         )

[更新]

其中一些答案是旧的。今天我会使用requests 模块，就像 robaple 的答案一样。

Answer 5

我知道你要求 GET 和 POST，但我会提供 CRUD，因为其他人可能需要这个以防万一：（这在 Python 3.7 中测试过）

#!/usr/bin/env python3
import http.client
import json

print("\n GET example")
conn = http.client.HTTPSConnection("httpbin.org")
conn.request("GET", "/get")
response = conn.getresponse()
data = response.read().decode('utf-8')
print(response.status, response.reason)
print(data)


print("\n POST example")
conn = http.client.HTTPSConnection('httpbin.org')
headers = {'Content-type': 'application/json'}
post_body = {'text': 'testing post'}
json_data = json.dumps(post_body)
conn.request('POST', '/post', json_data, headers)
response = conn.getresponse()
print(response.read().decode())
print(response.status, response.reason)


print("\n PUT example ")
conn = http.client.HTTPSConnection('httpbin.org')
headers = {'Content-type': 'application/json'}
post_body ={'text': 'testing put'}
json_data = json.dumps(post_body)
conn.request('PUT', '/put', json_data, headers)
response = conn.getresponse()
print(response.read().decode(), response.reason)
print(response.status, response.reason)


print("\n delete example")
conn = http.client.HTTPSConnection('httpbin.org')
headers = {'Content-type': 'application/json'}
post_body ={'text': 'testing delete'}
json_data = json.dumps(post_body)
conn.request('DELETE', '/delete', json_data, headers)
response = conn.getresponse()
print(response.read().decode(), response.reason)
print(response.status, response.reason)