Python Regex：美国电话号码解析

Question

我是正则表达式的新手。

我需要将不同格式的美国电话号码解析为 3 个字符串：区号（没有“()”）、接下来的 3 位数字、最后 4 位数字。没有'-'。

我也需要拒绝（消息错误）：

916-111-1111（区号后有'-'） (916)111 -1111（“-”之前的空格） (916)111-1111（区号内的任何空格） - (916) - 必须是 也被拒绝了

(a56)111-1111（区号内的任何非数字）

区号缺少“()”

应该没问题：'(916) 111-1111'（除上述之外的任何地方的空格）

这是我的正则表达式：

^\s*\(?(\d{3})[\)\-][\s]*?(\d{3})[-]?(\d{4})\s*$

这花了我 2 天时间。

它没有失败 916-111-1111（区号后有“-”的可用性）。我敢肯定还有其他一些不足之处。

非常感谢您的帮助。甚至提示。

有效：

'(916) 111-1111'
'(916)111-1111     '
'   (916)      111-1111'

无效：

'916-111-1111' - no () or '-' after area code
'(916)111 -1111' - no space before '-'
'( 916)111-1111' - no space inside ()
'(abc) 111-11i1' because of non-digits

Answer 1

如果您考虑 (1) 提供简单的用户界面而不是要求用户修改输入或 (2) 将数字存储到后端存储，则可以简化正则表达式，如下所示：

"(\d{1,3})\D*(\d{3})\D*(\d{4})"

由于您要打印错误信息，因此应根据错误信息重新检查找到的正则表达式组，如下所示：

代码：

import re

def get_failed_reason(s):
    space_regex = r"(\s+)"
    area_code_regex = r"\s*(\D*)(\d{1,3})(\D*)(\d{3})(\D*)-(\d{4})"
    results = re.findall(area_code_regex, s)
    if 0 == len(results):
        area_code_alpha_regex = r"\((\D+)\)"
        results = re.findall(area_code_alpha_regex, s)
        if len(results) > 0:
            return "because of non-digits"
        return "no matches"
    results = results[0]

    space_results = re.findall(space_regex, results[0])
    if 0 == len(space_results):
        space_results = re.findall(space_regex, results[2])
    if 0 != len(space_results):
        return "no space inside ()"
    
    alpha_code_regex = r"(\D+)"
    alpha_results = re.findall(alpha_code_regex, results[0])
    if 0 == len(alpha_results):
        alpha_results = re.findall(alpha_code_regex, results[2])
    if 0 != len(alpha_results):
        if "(" not in results[0] or ")" not in results[2]:
            return "no () or '-' after area code"
        if 0 != len(results[-2]):
            return "no space before '-'"
        return "because of non-digits in area code"
    return "unspecified"

if __name__ == '__main__':
    phone_numbers = ["916-111-1111", "(916)111-1111", "(916)111 -1111     ", "   (916)      111-1111", "(916 )111-1111", "( 916)111-1111", "- (916 )111-1111",  "(a56)111-1111", "(56a)111-1111", "(916) 111-1111    ", "(abc) 111-1111"]
    valid_regex = r"\s*(\()(\d{1,3})(\))(\D*)(\d{3})([^\d\s]*)-(\d{4})"
    for phone_number_str in phone_numbers:
        results = re.findall(valid_regex, phone_number_str)
            
        if 0 == len(results):
            reason = get_failed_reason(phone_number_str)
            phone_number_str = f"[{phone_number_str}]"
            print(f"[main] Failed:\t{phone_number_str: <30}- {reason}")
            continue
        area_code = results[0][1]
        first_number = results[0][4]
        second_number = results[0][6]
        phone_number_str = f"[{phone_number_str}]"
        print(f"[main] Valid:\t{phone_number_str: <30}- Area code: {area_code}, First number: {first_number}, Second number: {second_number}")

结果：

[main] Failed:  [916-111-1111]                - no () or '-' after area code
[main] Valid:   [(916)111-1111]               - Area code: 916, First number: 111, Second number: 1111
[main] Failed:  [(916)111 -1111     ]         - no space before '-'
[main] Valid:   [   (916)      111-1111]      - Area code: 916, First number: 111, Second number: 1111
[main] Failed:  [(916 )111-1111]              - no space inside ()
[main] Failed:  [( 916)111-1111]              - no space inside ()
[main] Failed:  [- (916 )111-1111]            - no space inside ()
[main] Failed:  [(a56)111-1111]               - because of non-digits in area code
[main] Failed:  [(56a)111-1111]               - because of non-digits in area code
[main] Valid:   [(916) 111-1111    ]          - Area code: 916, First number: 111, Second number: 1111
[main] Failed:  [(abc) 111-1111]              - because of non-digits

注意：D 表示非数字字符。

Answer 2

你可以这样做：

import re
r = r'\((\d{3})\)\s*?(\d{3})\-(\d{4,5})'
l = ['(916) 111-11111', '(916)111-1111     ', '   (916)      111-1111', '916-111-1111', '(916)111 -1111', '( 916)111-1111', '(abc) 111-11i1']
print([re.findall(r, x) for x in l])

# [[('916', '111', '11111')], [('916', '111', '1111')], [('916', '111', '1111')], [], [], [], []]