如果有 Flash 插件，phantomjs 无法加载页面

Question

我在使用 Java 中的 phantomjs 运行 selenium 测试时遇到问题。 我知道 phantomjs 不支持 flash。我正在使用没有启用闪存和幻象的 chromedriver 运行双重测试。在 chromedriver 显示未启用 flash 插件的页面上，它只会加载页面的其余部分并正确读取。 幻象测试在这里抛出超时异常：

WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 10);
wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(By.xpath("//span[contains(text(),'"+s +"')]")));

有什么想法吗？

完整的堆栈跟踪：

org.openqa.selenium.TimeoutException: Timed out after 10 seconds waiting for visibility of element located by By.xpath: //span[contains(text(),'Swiss Super League')]
Build info: version: '2.41.0', revision: '3192d8a6c4449dc285928ba024779344f5423c58', time: '2014-03-27 11:29:39'
System info: host: 'countZero', ip: '127.0.1.1', os.name: 'Linux', os.arch: 'amd64', os.version: '3.13.0-40-generic', java.version: '1.8.0_25'
Driver info: org.openqa.selenium.phantomjs.PhantomJSDriver
Capabilities [{applicationCacheEnabled=false, rotatable=false, handlesAlerts=false, databaseEnabled=false, version=1.9.0, platform=LINUX, browserConnectionEnabled=false, proxy={proxyType=direct}, nativeEvents=true, acceptSslCerts=false, driverVersion=1.0.3, locationContextEnabled=false, webStorageEnabled=false, browserName=phantomjs, takesScreenshot=true, driverName=ghostdriver, javascriptEnabled=true, cssSelectorsEnabled=true}]
Session ID: 9422d0d0-7731-11e4-9730-f784ef9dac1a
    at org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait.timeoutException(WebDriverWait.java:79)
    at org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.FluentWait.until(FluentWait.java:228)
    at com.hawaii.gatherer.parsers.betfred.parse(betfred.java:88)
    at com.hawaii.gatherer.parsers.Parser.call(Parser.java:93)
    at com.hawaii.gatherer.parsers.Parser.call(Parser.java:27)
    at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:266)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
Caused by: org.openqa.selenium.NoSuchElementException: Error Message => 'Unable to find element with xpath '//span[contains(text(),'Swiss Super League')]''
 caused by Request => {"headers":{"Accept":"application/json, image/png","Connection":"Keep-Alive","Content-Length":"73","Content-Type":"application/json; charset=utf-8","Host":"localhost:18409"},"httpVersion":"1.1","method":"POST","post":"{\"using\":\"xpath\",\"value\":\"//span[contains(text(),'Swiss Super League')]\"}","url":"/element","urlParsed":{"anchor":"","query":"","file":"element","directory":"/","path":"/element","relative":"/element","port":"","host":"","password":"","user":"","userInfo":"","authority":"","protocol":"","source":"/element","queryKey":{},"chunks":["element"]},"urlOriginal":"/session/9422d0d0-7731-11e4-9730-f784ef9dac1a/element"}
Command duration or timeout: 795 milliseconds
For documentation on this error, please visit: http://seleniumhq.org/exceptions/no_such_element.html
Build info: version: '2.41.0', revision: '3192d8a6c4449dc285928ba024779344f5423c58', time: '2014-03-27 11:29:39'
System info: host: 'countZero', ip: '127.0.1.1', os.name: 'Linux', os.arch: 'amd64', os.version: '3.13.0-40-generic', java.version: '1.8.0_25'
Driver info: org.openqa.selenium.phantomjs.PhantomJSDriver
Capabilities [{applicationCacheEnabled=false, rotatable=false, handlesAlerts=false, databaseEnabled=false, version=1.9.0, platform=LINUX, browserConnectionEnabled=false, proxy={proxyType=direct}, nativeEvents=true, acceptSslCerts=false, driverVersion=1.0.3, locationContextEnabled=false, webStorageEnabled=false, browserName=phantomjs, takesScreenshot=true, driverName=ghostdriver, javascriptEnabled=true, cssSelectorsEnabled=true}]
Session ID: 9422d0d0-7731-11e4-9730-f784ef9dac1a
    at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
    at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:408)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.ErrorHandler.createThrowable(ErrorHandler.java:193)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.ErrorHandler.throwIfResponseFailed(ErrorHandler.java:145)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.execute(RemoteWebDriver.java:595)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.findElement(RemoteWebDriver.java:348)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.findElementByXPath(RemoteWebDriver.java:445)
    at org.openqa.selenium.By$ByXPath.findElement(By.java:357)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.findElement(RemoteWebDriver.java:340)
    at org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions.findElement(ExpectedConditions.java:730)
    at org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions.access$000(ExpectedConditions.java:39)
    at org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions$4.apply(ExpectedConditions.java:130)
    at org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions$4.apply(ExpectedConditions.java:126)
    at org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.FluentWait.until(FluentWait.java:208)
    ... 7 more
Caused by: org.openqa.selenium.remote.ScreenshotException: Screen shot has been taken
Build info: version: '2.41.0', revision: '3192d8a6c4449dc285928ba024779344f5423c58', time: '2014-03-27 11:29:39'
System info: host: 'countZero', ip: '127.0.1.1', os.name: 'Linux', os.arch: 'amd64', os.version: '3.13.0-40-generic', java.version: '1.8.0_25'
Driver info: driver.version: RemoteWebDriver
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.ErrorHandler.throwIfResponseFailed(ErrorHandler.java:125)
    ... 17 more
Caused by: org.openqa.selenium.remote.ErrorHandler$UnknownServerException: Error Message => 'Unable to find element with xpath '//span[contains(text(),'Swiss Super League')]''
 caused by Request => {"headers":{"Accept":"application/json, image/png","Connection":"Keep-Alive","Content-Length":"73","Content-Type":"application/json; charset=utf-8","Host":"localhost:18409"},"httpVersion":"1.1","method":"POST","post":"{\"using\":\"xpath\",\"value\":\"//span[contains(text(),'Swiss Super League')]\"}","url":"/element","urlParsed":{"anchor":"","query":"","file":"element","directory":"/","path":"/element","relative":"/element","port":"","host":"","password":"","user":"","userInfo":"","authority":"","protocol":"","source":"/element","queryKey":{},"chunks":["element"]},"urlOriginal":"/session/9422d0d0-7731-11e4-9730-f784ef9dac1a/element"}
Build info: version: '2.41.0', revision: '3192d8a6c4449dc285928ba024779344f5423c58', time: '2014-03-27 11:29:39'
System info: host: 'countZero', ip: '127.0.1.1', os.name: 'Linux', os.arch: 'amd64', os.version: '3.13.0-40-generic', java.version: '1.8.0_25'
Driver info: driver.version: unknown

重现问题的代码：

    public void test() throws InterruptedException {
    //System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", Application.chromeDriverPath);
    //WebDriver driver= new ChromeDriver();
    WebDriver driver=new PhantomJSDriver();
    driver.manage().timeouts().pageLoadTimeout(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    driver.manage().window().setSize(new Dimension(1280, 800));

    driver.get("http://www.betfred.com/sport");

    WebElement footballLink=driver.findElement(By.linkText("Football"));
    footballLink.click();

    WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 10);
    WebElement europeanLink= wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(By.partialLinkText("European Leagues")));
    europeanLink.click();

        wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 10);
        WebElement leagueLink= wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(By.partialLinkText("Italian Serie A")));
        leagueLink.click();

        wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 10);
        WebElement finalLeagueLink=wait.until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable((By.xpath("//a[contains(text(),'Italian Serie A') and contains(@class,'action')]"))));
        Thread.sleep(1000);
        finalLeagueLink.click();

    driver.switchTo().frame("sportframe");

    wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 30);
    wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(By.xpath("//span[contains(text(),'Italian Serie A')]")));

}

请注意，如果您将其更改为 chromedriver，则不会引发错误，并且您可以看到页面已加载。幻影页面未加载，因此出现错误。也许我应该将此作为错误报告提交到 github 中？

编辑

我在这里提交了一个新问题https://github.com/ariya/phantomjs/issues/12784

Answer 1

PhantomJS 的默认视口大小为 400x300。对于大多数使用固定宽度的网站来说，这太小了，这就是出现滚动条的原因，这也是为什么在使用 Selenium Webdrivers 元素时无法与之交互的原因，因为它们被隐藏在视图之外。 对于其他网站，将显示移动网站（可能基于媒体查询），并且使用的元素可能与桌面网站不同（并且具有不同的选择器）。

要解决这个问题，您应该在打开页面之前将视口设置为类似桌面的东西（如图所示here）：

driver.manage().window().setSize(new Dimension(1280, 800));

这很可能与页面上存在 Flash 对象并且 PhantomJS 无法加载它们的事实无关。如果它确实与此有关，则脚本/PhantomJS 会更快崩溃。

---

将用户代理字符串设置为代表 PhantomJS 功能的东西也可能很好。某些网站（例如 google）将使用网络协议或提供无法在 PhantomJS 1.x 中运行的 JavaScript。所以对于 PhantomJS 1.x 这将是

String userAgent = "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.0) AppleWebKit/535.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/13.0.782.41 Safari/535.1";
System.setProperty("phantomjs.page.settings.userAgent", userAgent);

Answer 2

Phantom Driver 不支持 Flash 技术。这只做 Java Script。