在 Selenium/Python 中出错 - chromedriver 可执行文件需要在 PATH 中

Question

首先，我知道这个问题在这里被问了很多。只是明确表示我已经阅读了大多数接受的答案并正确执行了所有步骤，但仍然收到问题中提到的这个错误。 下面是我的脚本以及所有其他信息

[我正在使用 selenium 和 chromedriver，试图在运行 ubuntu 20 的无头模式下将它与 chromium 浏览器一起使用]

cat test.py

from selenium import webdriver
options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.add_argument('--headless')
options.add_argument('--no-sandbox')
options.add_argument('--disable-dev-shm-usage')
options.binary_location = '/usr/bin/chromium-browser'

driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options, executable_path='/usr/local/bin/chromedriver')
driver.get("https://www.google.com")
print(driver.title)
print ("Headless Chrome Initialized")
driver.quit()

python3 test.py

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages/selenium/webdriver/common/service.py", line 72, in start                                           self.process = subprocess.Popen(cmd, env=self.env,
  File "/usr/lib/python3.8/subprocess.py", line 854, in __init__           self._execute_child(args, executable, preexec_fn, close_fds,
  File "/usr/lib/python3.8/subprocess.py", line 1702, in _execute_child
    raise child_exception_type(errno_num, err_msg, err_filename)       FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/usr/local/bin/chromedriver'
                                                                       During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:    
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "test.py", line 9, in <module>
    driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options, executable_path='/usr/local/bin/chromedriver')
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages/selenium/webdriver/chrome/webdriver.py", line 73, in __init__
    self.service.start()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages/selenium/webdriver/common/service.py", line 81, in start
    raise WebDriverException(
selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: 'chromedriver' executable needs to be in PATH. Please see https://sites.google.com/a/chromium.org/chromedriver/home

我遵循了哪些步骤

sudo apt install chromium-browser
python3 -m pip install selenium
wget https://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/83.0.4103.39/chromedriver_linux64.zip
unzip chromedriver*
chmod +x chromedriver
sudo mv chromedriver /usr/local/bin/
sudo chown root:root /usr/local/bin/chromedriver
sudo chmod 0755 /usr/local/bin/chromedriver

一起验证一切

╭─[localhost] as xd003 in ~
╰─➤ lsb_release -a | grep Description && \
apt -qq list python3 && \
apt -qq list chromium-browser && \
which chromedriver && \
which chromium-browser && \
echo $PATH

No LSB modules are available.
Description:    Ubuntu 20.04 LTS
python3/focal,now 3.8.2-0ubuntu2 arm64 [installed]
chromium-browser/focal-updates,now 81.0.4044.129-0ubuntu0.20.04.1 arm64 [installed]
/usr/local/bin/chromedriver
/usr/bin/chromium-browser
/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games

一切看起来都不错，有人可以建议我做错了什么吗？

我在本地运行的 Ubuntu20 是我在我的 android 设备上使用的 Ubuntu Proot

Answer 1

经过几天的解决，我终于能够修复这个错误。

正如我所提到的，我正在 Android 设备上运行 Prooted Ubuntu 20。现在官方 chrome webdriver 似乎不支持 linux 内核架构为 aarch64 - https://chromedriver.chromium.org

要解决此问题，只需下载为 arm64 变体编译的 chromedriver。您始终可以从此处获取最新版本 - https://github.com/electron/electron/releases

简而言之，其他一切都很完美，只需将 wget 链接替换为 -https://github.com/electron/electron/releases/download/v8.3.4/chromedriver-v8.3.4-linux-arm64.zip

PS / 也许如果错误类似于 - 不支持 linux 内核架构，修复它会容易得多，但没关系。

Answer 2

1. chromedriver 我总是传递给构造函数
2. 如果找不到 PATH 则会发生错误（请参阅下面的示例，其中我故意传递了错误的参数）
3. 此驱动程序不适用于铬，仅适用于铬。因此有理由将驱动程序与/usr/bin dir 分开

import time, os, datetime, json, requests, re, subprocess
from distutils.version import StrictVersion
from pathlib import Path
import xmlplain
import selenium
from selenium import webdriver

def get_release(v):
    r = re.compile(f'^(83\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+).*linux.*$')
    maxrel = "0.0.0"
    pos = 0
    for i, rel in enumerate(v):
        if r.match(rel) is not None and StrictVersion(r.split(rel)[1]) > StrictVersion(maxrel): 
            maxrel = r.split(rel)[1]
            pos = i

    return v[pos]

def cmd(cmd:str, assertfail=True) :
    up = subprocess.Popen(cmd, shell=True, stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT, close_fds=True)
    str = [l.rstrip().decode() for l in up.stdout]
    exitcode = up.wait()
    if assertfail: assert exitcode == 0, f"[{exitcode}] {cmd} {str}"
    return exitcode,  str


if __name__ == '__main__':
    # os.environ["DISPLAY"] = ":0.0"

    # find latest driver available
    resp = requests.get("https://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com")
    raw = xmlplain.xml_to_obj(resp.content, strip_space=True, fold_dict=False)
    v = get_release([e["Contents"][0]["Key"] for e in raw["ListBucketResult"] if "Contents" in e.keys()])
    # download if required
    if not Path.cwd().joinpath(v.split("/")[0]).is_dir():
        cmd(f"mkdir {v.split('/')[0]}")
        cmd(f"wget https://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/{v} -O {v}")
        cmd(f"unzip {v} -d {v.split('/')[0]}/")
    # hit a webpage
    try:
        driver = webdriver.Chrome(f"unknown/chromedriver")  # Optional argument, if not specified will search path.
    except selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException as e:
        print(e)
    options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
    options.add_argument('--no-sandbox')
    options.add_argument('--headless')
    options.add_argument('--disable-dev-shm-usage')
    options.binary_location = '/usr/bin/chromium-browser'
    options.binary_location = '/usr/bin/google-chrome'
    driver = webdriver.Chrome(f"{v.split('/')[0]}/chromedriver", options=options)  # Optional argument, if not specified will search path.
    driver.get('https://www.google.com')
    print(driver.title)
    print ("Headless Chrome Initialized")
    driver.quit()

输出：

Message: 'chromedriver' executable needs to be in PATH. Please see https://sites.google.com/a/chromium.org/chromedriver/home

Google
Headless Chrome Initialized