从冒号分隔的键值字符串创建字典

Question

尝试从给定的字符串创建字典，可以是格式

key1:value1 key2:value2

但是有时选择价值是个问题

1. 空格key1: value1
2. 引用key1: "value has space"

密钥的标识符是something:

在下面尝试过

def tokenize(msg):
    legit_args = [i for i in msg if ":" in i]
    print(legit_args)
    dline = dict(item.split(":") for item in legit_args)
    return dline

以上仅适用于无空格值。

然后在下面尝试

def tokenize2(msg):
    try:
        #return {k: v for k, v in re.findall(r'(?=\S|^)(.+?): (\S+)', msg)}
        return dict(token.split(':') for token in shlex.split(msg))
    except:
        return {}

这适用于key:"something given like this"，但仍需要一些更改才能工作，以下是问题

>>> msg = 'key1: "this is value1 "   key2:this is value2 key3: this is value3'
>>> import shlex
>>> dict(token.split(':') for token in shlex.split(msg))
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
ValueError: dictionary update sequence element #1 has length 1; 2 is required
>>> shlex.split(msg)  # problem is here i think
['key1:', 'this is value1 ', 'key2:this', 'is', 'value2', 'key3:', 'this', 'is', 'value3']

Answer 1

请您尝试以下方法：

import re

s = "key1: \"this is value1 \"   key2:this is value2 key3: this is value3"
d = {}
for m in re.findall(r'\w+:\s*(?:\w+(?:\s+\w+)*(?=\s|$)|"[^"]+")', s):
    key, val = re.split(r':\s*', m)
    d[key] = val.strip('"')
print(d)

输出：

{'key3': 'this is value3', 'key2': 'this is value2', 'key1': 'this is value1 '}

正则表达式的解释：

• \w+:\s* 匹配一个单词后跟一个冒号并且可能 （零个或多个）空格。
• (?: ... ) 组成非捕获组。
• :\w+(?:\s+\w+)*(?=\s|$) 匹配一个或多个单词，后跟 空格或字符串结尾。
• 竖线字符| 交替正则表达式模式。
• "[^"]+" 匹配用双引号括起来的字符串。

[编辑]
如果您想处理fancy quotes（又名弯引号或智能引号），请尝试：

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import re

s = "key1: \"this is value1 \"   key2:this is value2 key3: this is value3 title: “incorrect title” title2: “incorrect title2” key4:10.20.30.40"
d = {}
for m in re.findall(r'\w+:\s*(?:[\w.]+(?:\s+[\w.]+)*(?=\s|$)|"[^"]+"|“.+?”)', s):
    key, val = re.split(r':\s*', m)
    d[key] = val.replace('“', '"').replace('”', '"').strip('"')
print(d)

输出：

{'title': 'incorrect title', 'key3': 'this is value3', 'key2': 'this is value2', 'key1': 'this is value1 ', 'key4': '10.20.30.40', 'title2': 'incorrect title2'}

[编辑2]
以下代码现在允许在值中使用冒号：

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import re

s = "key1: \"this is value1 \"   key2:this is value2 key3: this is value3 title: “incorrect title” title2: “incorrect title2” key4:10.20.30.40 key5:\"value having:colon\""
d = {}
for m in re.findall(r'\w+:\s*(?:[\w.]+(?:\s+[\w.]+)*(?=\s|$)|"[^"]+"|“.+?”)', s):
    key, val = re.split(r':\s*', m, 1)
    d[key] = val.replace('“', '"').replace('”', '"').strip('"')
print(d)

输出：

{'title': 'incorrect title', 'key3': 'this is value3', 'key2': 'this is value2', 'key1': 'this is value1 ', 'key5': 'value having:colon', 'key4': '10.20.30.40', 'title2': 'incorrect title2'}

修改应用在以下行：

key, val = re.split(r':\s*', m, 1)

将第三个参数1 添加为maxsplit 以限制拆分的最大计数。