在 sqlite3 中更新多列

Question

我想在 sqlite 中更新我的“类”表中的多个列。我不知道该怎么做，所以我使用了与“INSERT”查询相同的语法，但是，我似乎遇到了以下语法错误：sqlite3.OperationalError: near "VALUES": syntax error

我目前遇到的问题是

e_sql= "UPDATE Class SET (ClassType,Location,UserID,Staff,Time) VALUES (?,?,?,?,?)"
c.execute(e_sql,(classes,location,r,staff,time))

我只是想知道如何创建一个查询来更新我的“类”表中的多个列。这是我当前的代码：

#imports
from tkinter import *
from tkinter import messagebox as ms
from tkinter import ttk
import sqlite3
from PIL import Image,ImageTk
import datetime

global time 
time = datetime.datetime.now()

with sqlite3.connect('Gym.db') as db:
    c = db.cursor()

c.execute('CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS Users (UserID INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,FirstName TEXT ,LastName TEXT ,Gender TEXT,Email TEXT NOT NULL,Phone TEXT NOT NULL,Username TEXT NOT NULL,Password TEXT NOT NULL);')
c.execute('CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS Staff (StaffID INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, Role TEXT NOT NULL, Name TEXT);')
c.execute('CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS Gym (GymID INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, Location TEXT);')
c.execute('CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS Class (ClassID INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, ClassType TEXT, Location TEXT, UserID INTEGER, Staff TEXT, StaffID INTEGER, Time TEXT, FOREIGN KEY (UserID) REFERENCES Users(UserID), FOREIGN KEY (StaffID) REFERENCES Staff (StaffID));')
db.commit()
db.close()

class main:
    def __init__(self,master):
    self.master = master
    self.variable_edit_class = StringVar()
    self.variable_edit_time = StringVar()
    self.variable_edit_location = StringVar()
    self.variable_edit_staff = StringVar()
    self.widgets()

def edit_sql(self):
    username = self.Username.get()
    password = self.Password.get()
    classes = self.variable_edit_class.get()
    location = self.variable_edit_location.get()
    time = self.variable_edit_time.get()
    staff = self.variable_staff.get()

    with sqlite3.connect('Gym.db') as db:
        c = db.cursor()

    c.execute('SELECT UserID FROM Users WHERE Username = (?) AND Password =(?)', (str(username),str(password)))

    result = c.fetchall()
    for row in result:
        r = row[0]

    e_sql= "UPDATE Class SET (ClassType,Location,UserID,Staff,Time) VALUES (?,?,?,?,?)"
    c.execute(e_sql,(classes,location,r,staff,time))

def widgets(self):
self.editf = Frame(self.master, height=500,width=600)

        green_label_12 = Label(self.editf,text = "", font=('arial',15),fg='black',bg='light sea green',width=600,height=3)
        green_label_12.place(x=0,y=5)

        edit_class_label = Label(self.editf, text = "Class Bookings", font =('arial',15, 'bold'),fg = 'black',bg = 'light sea green')
        edit_class_label.place(x=220,y=20)

        back_btn11 = Button(self.editf, text ='Back', width = 5,bg = 'brown', command=self.dashboard)
        back_btn11.place(x=10,y=465)

        edit_classes_label = Label(self.editf, text = "Class", font =('arial',15),fg = 'black')
        edit_classes_label.place(x=25,y=110)

        edit_time_label = Label(self.editf, text = "Time", font =('arial',15),fg = 'black')
        edit_time_label.place(x=250,y=110)

        edit_location_label = Label(self.editf, text = "Location", font =('arial',15),fg = 'black')
        edit_location_label.place(x=25,y=200)

        edit_staff_label = Label(self.editf, text = "Staff", font =('arial',15),fg = 'black')
        edit_staff_label.place(x=260,y=200)

        Edit_Classes = [
            "Boxing",
            "Cardio",
            "Gym",
            "Strength",
            "Swim",
            "Yoga"
            ]


        self.variable_edit_class.set("Please Select")

        edit_booking_options = OptionMenu(self.editf,self.variable_edit_class,*Edit_Classes)
        edit_booking_options.place(x=90,y=110)

        Edit_Times = [
            "8:00 AM",
            "9:00 AM",
            "10:00 AM",
            "11:00 AM",
            "12:00 PM",
            "1:00 PM",
            "2:00 PM",
            "3:00 PM",
            "4:00 PM",
            "5:00 PM",
            "6:00 PM"
            ]

        self.variable_edit_time.set("Please Select")

        edit_time_options = OptionMenu(self.editf,self.variable_edit_time,*Edit_Times)
        edit_time_options.place(x=315,y=110)

        Edit_Location = [
            "Carrara",
            "Nerang",
            "Robina",
            "Helensvale"
            ]


        self.variable_edit_location.set("Please Select")

        edit_location_options = OptionMenu(self.editf,self.variable_edit_location,*Edit_Location)
        edit_location_options.place(x=115,y=200)

        Edit_Staff = [
            "Any",
            "John Cena",
            "Mike Tyson",
            "The Rock",
            "Terry Crews",
            "Mr George",
            "None"
            ]

        self.variable_edit_staff.set("Please Select")
        edit_staff_options = OptionMenu(self.editf,self.variable_edit_staff,*Edit_Staff)
        edit_staff_options.place(x=325,y=200)

        submit_btn_4 = Button(self.editf, text ='Update', width = 6,bg = 'dodger blue', command=self.edit_sql)
        submit_btn_4.place(x=535,y=470)


root = Tk()
root.title("Gym Membership System")
main(root)
root.mainloop()

Answer 1

试试这个：

c.execute("INSERT INTO Class VALUES(?,?,?,?,?)",
                                 (classes,location,r,staff,time))
c.commit()

Answer 2

在 SQL 中，INSERT 和 UPDATE 具有不同的语义。你写：

INSERT INTO table(col1, col2, ...) VALUES (val1, val2, ...)

但是：

UPDATE table SET col1=val1, col2=val2, col3=val3, ... [WHERE ...]

任何val 都可以替换为? 以进行参数化查询，并且UPDATE 可选地接受WHERE 子句。

Answer 3

UPDATE 语句的语法是（对于 SQLite 3.15.0+）：

UPDATE Class SET (ClassType,Location,UserID,Staff,Time) = (?,?,?,?,?)

或在标准 SQL 中：

UPDATE Class SET 
  ClassType = ?,
  Location = ?, 
  UserID = ?,
  Staff = ?,
  Time = ?

但我认为您还需要一个 WHERE 子句，因为这将更新表的所有行。