如何做到这一点，以便我可以将按钮应用于我想要的任何窗口？

Question

我在措辞上遇到了问题，所以让我解释一下。我正在学习使用面向对象编程作为项目的一部分，所以我决定从创建用于创建窗口的类和放置在窗口上的按钮开始（标签等。稍后也会出现）。换句话说，我希望能够将按钮放在“Window1”上，而无需在类中指定“Window1”（而是使用 CreateButton(values) 传递它。到目前为止，这是我的代码，并得到了帮助。 PS.在我尝试windowname参数之前它应该如何运行，并且我手动将窗口设置为home_window，但我似乎无法让windowname参数正确传递。

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk

home_window = tk.Tk()
home_window.title("Rota System")
home_window.geometry("600x600")

def thankyou():
    print ("Thank you very much")

class CreateWindow():
    def __init__(self, name, title, geometry):
        self.name = name
        self.title = title
        self.geometry = geometry

        name = tk.Tk()
        name.title(title)
        name.geometry(geometry)



class CreateButton():
    def __init__(self, name, width, height, x, y, font, size, text, command, windowname):
    #I want to be able to place the button on any window I want, not just home_window
        self.name = name
        self.width = width
        self.height = height
        self.x = x
        self.y = y
        self.font = font
        self.size = size
        self.text = text
        self.command = command
        self.windowname = windowname

        name = tk.Button(windowname, text=text, command=command)
        name.config(font=(font, size))
        name.place(x=x, y=y, height=height, width=width)

CreateWindow("Test", "Test", "900x600")
CreateButton("Test","200","200","0","0","Courier",10,"Test",thankyou, "Test")

Answer 1

首先：tkinter 需要 Tk()、Button() 等返回的对象 ID，而不是您创建的名称（字符串）。

对于字符串名称，您必须保留全局字典 {name: object_id} 才能将 name 转换为 object_id。

---

顺便说一句：

Tk() 只能用于创建主窗口。对于其他窗口，您应该使用Toplevel()

---

您在类中的代码（以及它们的名称）非常适合函数。

函数创建对象并使用return返回此对象，以便在其他函数中使用。

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk

# --- functions ---

def thank_you():
    print ("Thank you very much")

def create_window(title, geometry):
    window = tk.Tk()
    window.title(title)
    window.geometry(geometry)
    
    return window

def create_button(parent, width, height, x, y, font, size, text, command):

    button = tk.Button(parent, text=text, command=command)
    button.config(font=(font, size))
    button.place(x=x, y=y, height=height, width=width)

    return button

# --- main ---

window = create_window("Test", "900x600")
button = create_button(window, 200, 200, 0, 0, "Courier", 10, "Test", thank_you)

window.mainloop()

---

使用类我会继承它。所以我可以将实例分配给变量并在其他类中用作父类。

我会使用nouns 作为类的名称。

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk

# --- classes ---

class MainWindow(tk.Tk):
    
    def __init__(self, name, title, geometry):
        super().__init__()
        
        self.name = name

        self.title(title)
        self.geometry(geometry)

        #self._title = title
        #seff._geometry = geometry


class MyButton(tk.Button):
    
    def __init__(self, parent, name, width, height, x, y, font, size, text, command):
        super().__init__(parent, text=text, command=command)
        
        self.name = name

        self.config(font=(font, size))
        self.place(x=x, y=y, height=height, width=width)
        
        #self._width = width
        #self._height = height
        #self._x = x
        #self._y = y
        #self._font = font
        #self._size = size
        #self._text = text
        #self._command = command


# --- functions ---

def thank_you():
    print("Thank you very much")

# --- main ---

window = MainWindow("WindowName", "Test", "900x600")
button = MyButton(window, "ButtonName", 200, 200, 0, 0, "Courier", 10, "Test", thank_you)

window.mainloop()

---

见：PEP 8 -- Style Guide for Python Code -

我不知道是否有关于类名的nouns 和函数的verbs（或者可能在书Clean Code, Robert C. Martin 中），但通常人们使用这个规则。