如何在画布上绘制网格然后提示用户输入数据？答案

【问题标题】：How to draw a grid on the canvas and then prompt the user to enter data?如何在画布上绘制网格然后提示用户输入数据？
【发布时间】：2018-06-11 05:26:30
【问题描述】：

我正在学习如何使用 Anaconda，因为我想要统计功能。但是，我想用 tkinter 在画布上完成所有工作和数据输入。最后，绘制正态分布。我不确定如何在画布上绘制网格，然后提示用户将数据输入四个单元格，然后在画布上处理所有数据。我希望它最终成为一个独立的程序。

import tkinter as tk
import numpy
import math

def fishers():
    cell_a = input("Enter Cell A value: ")
    cell_b = input("Enter Cell B value: ")
    cell_c = input("Enter Cell C value: ")
    cell_d = input("Enter Cell D value: ")
cell_a = float(cell_a)
cell_b = float(cell_b)
cell_c = float(cell_c)
cell_d = float(cell_d)
fenum = math.factorial(cell_a+cell_b)*math.factorial(cell_c+cell_d)*
math.factorial(cell_a+cell_c)*math.factorial(cell_b+cell_d)
feden = 
math.factorial(cell_a)*math.factorial(cell_b)*math.factorial(cell_c)*
math.factorial(cell_d)*math.factorial(cell_a+cell_b+cell_c+cell_d)
fe = fenum/feden
print ("Fishers Exact: =\t {:>8.4f}\n".format(fe))
#This is test code to see if I can write into the canvas        
self.fishers.canvas.create_text(100,10,fill="darkblue",font="Times 20 
italic bold", text="We will enter the data here.")

class Window(tk.Frame):

 def __init__(self, master=None):
    super().__init__(master)
    self.master = master
    self.main_window()
    self.widgets()

# All main window parameters go here
 def main_window(self):
    self.master.title("Quick-Statistics Calculator")
    self.master.geometry("1000x800")
    self.pack()

 def widgets(self):
    main_menu = tk.Menu(self.master, tearoff=0)
    self.master.config(menu=main_menu)

    # Create File Menu and Drop Down
    file = tk.Menu(main_menu, tearoff=0)
    file.add_command(label="Save")
    file.add_separator()
    file.add_command(label="Exit", command=exit)
    main_menu.add_cascade(label="File", menu=file)

    # Create Edit Menu and Drop Down
    edit = tk.Menu(main_menu, tearoff=0)
    edit.add_command(label="Undo")
    main_menu.add_cascade(label="Edit", menu=edit)

    #Create Means Analysis Menu and Drop Down
    means = tk.Menu(main_menu,tearoff=0)
    means.add_command(label="Group t")
    means.add_command(label="Paired t")
    means.add_separator()
    means.add_command(label="ANOVA")
    means.add_separator()
    means.add_command(label="Mann-Whitney U")
    means.add_command(label="Wilcoxon rank sum")
    main_menu.add_cascade(label="Means", menu=means)

    #Create Chi-square Analysis Menus and Drop Down
    chi = tk.Menu(main_menu, tearoff=0)
    chi.add_command(label="Chi-Square 2x2 table")
    chi.add_command(label="Chi-Square for larger table")
    chi.add_separator()
    chi.add_command(label="McNemar's Test")
    chi.add_command(label="Fisher's Exact", command=fishers)
    main_menu.add_cascade(label="Tables", menu=chi)

    #Create Help Menu
    help = tk.Menu(main_menu, tearoff=0)
    help.add_command(label="Means Analysis")
    help.add_command(label="Chi-Square Analysis")
    main_menu.add_cascade(label="Help",menu=help)

main = tk.Tk()
comm_prog = Window(master=main)
main.mainloop()

【问题讨论】：

添加了两个相关标签。可能会使用 MCVE 并丢失更多冗余部分
改进了标题
当您使用任何 GUI 时，当您使用 input() 获取数据时看起来很奇怪。每个 GUI 都有用于在窗口中获取数据的小部件。
如果你想绘制正态分布，那么也许你应该使用matplotlib 来绘制它。它可以更容易。您可以使用 input() 获取数据，然后使用 matplotlib plot()（或 hist() 创建直方图）和 show() 显示带有结果的窗口。您也可以将 matplotlib 嵌入到自己的 tkinter 窗口中，但它需要更多的工作。
示例代码how to embed matplotlib in tkinter window

标签： python canvas tkinter

【解决方案1】：

您可以使用Toplevel() 创建带有Entry() 和Button() 的窗口以获取值。

当您单击按钮 OK 时，它会使用您的代码计算某些内容并将文本放在画布上。

import tkinter as tk
import numpy
import math

class Window(tk.Frame):

    def __init__(self, master=None):
        super().__init__(master)
        # self.master = master #super/Frame will do it 
        self.main_window()
        self.widgets()

    # All main window parameters go here
    def main_window(self):
        self.master.title("Quick-Statistics Calculator")
        self.master.geometry("500x400")
        self.pack()

    def widgets(self):
        main_menu = tk.Menu(self.master, tearoff=0)
        self.master.config(menu=main_menu)

        # Create File Menu and Drop Down
        file = tk.Menu(main_menu, tearoff=0)
        file.add_command(label="Save")
        file.add_separator()
        file.add_command(label="Exit", command=exit)
        main_menu.add_cascade(label="File", menu=file)

        # Create Edit Menu and Drop Down
        edit = tk.Menu(main_menu, tearoff=0)
        edit.add_command(label="Undo")
        main_menu.add_cascade(label="Edit", menu=edit)

        #Create Means Analysis Menu and Drop Down
        means = tk.Menu(main_menu,tearoff=0)
        means.add_command(label="Group t")
        means.add_command(label="Paired t")
        means.add_separator()
        means.add_command(label="ANOVA")
        means.add_separator()
        means.add_command(label="Mann-Whitney U")
        means.add_command(label="Wilcoxon rank sum")
        main_menu.add_cascade(label="Means", menu=means)

        #Create Chi-square Analysis Menus and Drop Down
        chi = tk.Menu(main_menu, tearoff=0)
        chi.add_command(label="Chi-Square 2x2 table")
        chi.add_command(label="Chi-Square for larger table")
        chi.add_separator()
        chi.add_command(label="McNemar's Test")
        chi.add_command(label="Fisher's Exact", command=self.window_fishers)
        main_menu.add_cascade(label="Tables", menu=chi)

        #Create Help Menu
        help = tk.Menu(main_menu, tearoff=0)
        help.add_command(label="Means Analysis")
        help.add_command(label="Chi-Square Analysis")
        main_menu.add_cascade(label="Help",menu=help)

        self.canvas = tk.Canvas(self, width=500, height=400)
        self.canvas.pack(fill='both', expand=True)

    def window_fishers(self):
        self.win = tk.Toplevel(self)

        tk.Label(self.win, text="Enter Cell A value: ").grid(row=0, column=0)
        tk.Label(self.win, text="Enter Cell B value: ").grid(row=1, column=0)
        tk.Label(self.win, text="Enter Cell C value: ").grid(row=2, column=0)
        tk.Label(self.win, text="Enter Cell D value: ").grid(row=3, column=0)

        self.entry_a = tk.Entry(self.win)
        self.entry_a.grid(row=0, column=1)
        self.entry_b = tk.Entry(self.win)
        self.entry_b.grid(row=1, column=1)
        self.entry_c = tk.Entry(self.win)
        self.entry_c.grid(row=2, column=1)
        self.entry_d = tk.Entry(self.win)
        self.entry_d.grid(row=3, column=1)

        tk.Button(self.win, text='Cancel', command=self.win.destroy).grid(row=4, column=0)
        tk.Button(self.win, text='OK', command=self.get_fishers).grid(row=4, column=1)

    def get_fishers(self):

        cell_a = float(self.entry_a.get())
        cell_b = float(self.entry_b.get())
        cell_c = float(self.entry_c.get())
        cell_d = float(self.entry_d.get())

        fenum = math.factorial(cell_a+cell_b)*math.factorial(cell_c+cell_d)*math.factorial(cell_a+cell_c)*math.factorial(cell_b+cell_d)
        feden = math.factorial(cell_a)*math.factorial(cell_b)*math.factorial(cell_c)*math.factorial(cell_d)*math.factorial(cell_a+cell_b+cell_c+cell_d)
        fe = fenum/feden
        text = "Fishers Exact: =\t {:>8.4f}\n".format(fe)
        #This is test code to see if I can write into the canvas        
        self.canvas.create_text(250, 100, fill="darkblue", font="Times 20 italic bold", text=text)

        # close after entry.get()
        self.win.destroy()

main = tk.Tk()
app = Window(main)
main.mainloop()

【讨论】：