在多个 tkinter 帧对象之间传递数据 [重复]

Question

我按照使用 tkinter 作为 GUI 的教程在 Python 3.6 中构建了一个多窗口应用程序。窗口是容器内的框架对象。现在我试图弄清楚如何将信息从一个窗口传递到另一个窗口。 到目前为止，我找到了这个解决方案：

文件 main.py：

import tkinter as tk
import SecondPage


class TestApp(tk.Tk):
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        tk.Tk.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
        container = tk.Frame(self)

        # Initialize Window
        container.pack(side="top", fill="both", expand=True)
        container.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
        container.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
        self.frames = {}

        pages = (StartPage, SecondPage.SecondPage)
        # Load all pages
        for F in pages:
            frame = F(container, self, pages)
            self.frames[F] = frame
            frame.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky="nsew")
        self.show_frame(StartPage)


        self.show_frame(StartPage)

    # shows the desired frame
    def show_frame(self, cont):
        frame = self.frames[cont]
        frame.tkraise()
        return True

    # passes text to the window StartPage
    def pass_on_text(self, text):
        self.frames[StartPage].get_text(text)

    # passes text to the window SecondPage
    def pass_on_text2(self, text):
        self.frames[SecondPage.SecondPage].get_text(text)


class StartPage(tk.Frame):
    def __init__(self, parent, controller, pages):
        tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)

        # define GUI elements
        self.label = tk.Label(self, text="test")
        button = tk.Button(self, text="2nd Page", command=lambda: controller.show_frame(pages[1]))
        but_change2nd = tk.Button(self, text="Change Label on SecondPage", command=lambda: send_text("Hello, too!"))

        # place GUI elements
        self.label.grid(row=0, column=0)
        button.grid(row=1, column=0)
        but_change2nd.grid(row=2, column=0)

        # send text to SecondPage
        def send_text(text):
            controller.pass_on_text2(text)

    # get information and change the displayed text
    def get_text(self, text):
        self.label.config(text=text)


app = TestApp()
app.mainloop()

文件SecondPage.py：

import tkinter as tk


class SecondPage(tk.Frame):
    def __init__(self, parent, controller, pages):
        tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
        self.controller = controller

        # define GUI elements
        self.label = tk.Label(self, text="test2")
        button = tk.Button(self, text="1st Page", command=lambda: controller.show_frame(pages[0]))
        but_change1st = tk.Button(self, text="Change Label on Startpage", command=lambda: send_text("Hello"))

        # place GUI elements
        self.label.grid(row=0, column=0)
        button.grid(row=1, column=0)
        but_change1st.grid(row=2, column=0)

        # send text to StartPage
        def send_text(text):
            controller.pass_on_text(text)

    # get information and change the displayed text
    def get_text(self, text):
        self.label.config(text=text)

这种方法有效，但我想知道是否有更简单的方法可以在 SecondPage 上设置一个按钮来更改 StartPage 上的标签，反之亦然。

Answer 1

我已经遇到这个问题好几天了，在发布问题几秒钟后，我突然有了一个似乎可行的想法：

我将页面变量更改为实例变量：

pages = (StartPage, SecondPage.SecondPage)

进入

self.pages = (StartPage, SecondPage.SecondPage)

然后我在初始化时将页面传递给每个框架：

frame = F(container, self, self.pages)

并在每一帧的 __init__ 中添加了 pages 变量：

class StartPage(tk.Frame):
    def __init__(self, parent, controller, pages):

现在，我将 send_text 函数更改为：

def send_text(text):
        controller.frames[pages[1]].label.config(text=text)

整个 main.py 文件现在看起来像这样：

import tkinter as tk
import SecondPage


class TestApp(tk.Tk):
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        tk.Tk.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
        container = tk.Frame(self)

        # Initialize Window
        container.pack(side="top", fill="both", expand=True)
        container.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
        container.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
        self.frames = {}

        self.pages = (StartPage, SecondPage.SecondPage)
        #self.pages = pages
        # Load all pages
        for F in self.pages:
            frame = F(container, self, self.pages)
            self.frames[F] = frame
            frame.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky="nsew")
        self.show_frame(StartPage)


        self.show_frame(StartPage)

    # shows the desired frame
    def show_frame(self, cont):
        frame = self.frames[cont]
        frame.tkraise()
        return True

    # passes text to the window StartPage
    def pass_on_text(self, text):
        self.frames[self.pages[0]].get_text(text)

    # passes text to the window SecondPage
    def pass_on_text2(self, text):
        self.frames[self.pages[1]].get_text(text)


class StartPage(tk.Frame):
    def __init__(self, parent, controller, pages):
        tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
        self.controller = controller
        self.pages = pages
        # define GUI elements
        self.label = tk.Label(self, text="test")
        button = tk.Button(self, text="2nd Page", command=lambda: controller.show_frame(pages[1]))
        but_change2nd = tk.Button(self, text="Change Label on SecondPage", command=lambda: send_text("Hello, too!"))

        # place GUI elements
        self.label.grid(row=0, column=0)
        button.grid(row=1, column=0)
        but_change2nd.grid(row=2, column=0)

        # send text to SecondPage
        def send_text(text):
            controller.frames[pages[1]].label.config(text=text)


    # get information and change the displayed text
    def get_text(self, text):
        self.label.config(text=text)


app = TestApp()
app.mainloop()