在 Anaconda Python 中安装 Keras 和 TensorFlow 时遇到问题答案

【问题标题】：Trouble Installing Keras and TensorFlow in Anaconda Python在 Anaconda Python 中安装 Keras 和 TensorFlow 时遇到问题
【发布时间】：2020-11-11 11:00:18
【问题描述】：

我正在尝试在没有 GPU 的 64 位 Windows 10 计算机上使用 Anaconda Python 中的 Keras（我不知道这是否重要）。我打电话给pip install keras，似乎安装很顺利。但是调用 import keras 会出现此错误：

    Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\jsmith\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\tensorflow\python\pywrap_tensorflow.py", line 58, in <module>
    from tensorflow.python.pywrap_tensorflow_internal import *
  File "C:\Users\jsmith\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\tensorflow\python\pywrap_tensorflow_internal.py", line 28, in <module>
    _pywrap_tensorflow_internal = swig_import_helper()
  File "C:\Users\jsmith\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\tensorflow\python\pywrap_tensorflow_internal.py", line 24, in swig_import_helper
    _mod = imp.load_module('_pywrap_tensorflow_internal', fp, pathname, description)
  File "C:\Users\jsmith\anaconda3\lib\imp.py", line 242, in load_module
    return load_dynamic(name, filename, file)
  File "C:\Users\jsmith\anaconda3\lib\imp.py", line 342, in load_dynamic
    return _load(spec)
ImportError: DLL load failed: The specified module could not be found.

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\jsmith\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\keras\__init__.py", line 3, in <module>
    from tensorflow.keras.layers.experimental.preprocessing import RandomRotation
  File "C:\Users\jsmith\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\tensorflow\__init__.py", line 41, in <module>
    from tensorflow.python.tools import module_util as _module_util
  File "C:\Users\jsmith\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\tensorflow\python\__init__.py", line 50, in <module>
    from tensorflow.python import pywrap_tensorflow
  File "C:\Users\jsmith\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\tensorflow\python\pywrap_tensorflow.py", line 69, in <module>
    raise ImportError(msg)
ImportError: Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\jsmith\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\tensorflow\python\pywrap_tensorflow.py", line 58, in <module>
    from tensorflow.python.pywrap_tensorflow_internal import *
  File "C:\Users\jsmith\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\tensorflow\python\pywrap_tensorflow_internal.py", line 28, in <module>
    _pywrap_tensorflow_internal = swig_import_helper()
  File "C:\Users\jsmith\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\tensorflow\python\pywrap_tensorflow_internal.py", line 24, in swig_import_helper
    _mod = imp.load_module('_pywrap_tensorflow_internal', fp, pathname, description)
  File "C:\Users\jsmith\anaconda3\lib\imp.py", line 242, in load_module
    return load_dynamic(name, filename, file)
  File "C:\Users\jsmith\anaconda3\lib\imp.py", line 342, in load_dynamic
    return _load(spec)
ImportError: DLL load failed: The specified module could not be found.


Failed to load the native TensorFlow runtime.

See https://www.tensorflow.org/install/errors

for some common reasons and solutions.  Include the entire stack trace
above this error message when asking for help.

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\jsmith\Desktop\Code\JohnWorkspaces\Machine_Learning\BeginningWithPydev\main\main.py", line 1, in <module>
    import keras
  File "C:\Users\jsmith\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\keras\__init__.py", line 6, in <module>
    'Keras requires TensorFlow 2.2 or higher. '
ImportError: Keras requires TensorFlow 2.2 or higher. Install TensorFlow via pip install tensorflow

所以我去使用pip install tensorflow 安装 tensorflow。似乎需要一段时间，虽然最终它安装，但没有解决我的问题，仍然给我上面的错误。调用 import tensorflow 得到这个错误：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\jsmith\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\tensorflow\python\pywrap_tensorflow.py", line 58, in <module>
    from tensorflow.python.pywrap_tensorflow_internal import *
  File "C:\Users\jsmith\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\tensorflow\python\pywrap_tensorflow_internal.py", line 28, in <module>
    _pywrap_tensorflow_internal = swig_import_helper()
  File "C:\Users\jsmith\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\tensorflow\python\pywrap_tensorflow_internal.py", line 24, in swig_import_helper
    _mod = imp.load_module('_pywrap_tensorflow_internal', fp, pathname, description)
  File "C:\Users\jsmith\anaconda3\lib\imp.py", line 242, in load_module
    return load_dynamic(name, filename, file)
  File "C:\Users\jsmith\anaconda3\lib\imp.py", line 342, in load_dynamic
    return _load(spec)
ImportError: DLL load failed: The specified module could not be found.

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\jsmith\Desktop\Code\JohnWorkspaces\Machine_Learning\BeginningWithPydev\main\main.py", line 1, in <module>
    import tensorflow
  File "C:\Users\jsmith\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\tensorflow\__init__.py", line 41, in <module>
    from tensorflow.python.tools import module_util as _module_util
  File "C:\Users\jsmith\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\tensorflow\python\__init__.py", line 50, in <module>
    from tensorflow.python import pywrap_tensorflow
  File "C:\Users\jsmith\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\tensorflow\python\pywrap_tensorflow.py", line 69, in <module>
    raise ImportError(msg)
ImportError: Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\jsmith\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\tensorflow\python\pywrap_tensorflow.py", line 58, in <module>
    from tensorflow.python.pywrap_tensorflow_internal import *
  File "C:\Users\jsmith\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\tensorflow\python\pywrap_tensorflow_internal.py", line 28, in <module>
    _pywrap_tensorflow_internal = swig_import_helper()
  File "C:\Users\jsmith\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\tensorflow\python\pywrap_tensorflow_internal.py", line 24, in swig_import_helper
    _mod = imp.load_module('_pywrap_tensorflow_internal', fp, pathname, description)
  File "C:\Users\jsmith\anaconda3\lib\imp.py", line 242, in load_module
    return load_dynamic(name, filename, file)
  File "C:\Users\jsmith\anaconda3\lib\imp.py", line 342, in load_dynamic
    return _load(spec)
ImportError: DLL load failed: The specified module could not be found.


Failed to load the native TensorFlow runtime.

See https://www.tensorflow.org/install/errors

for some common reasons and solutions.  Include the entire stack trace
above this error message when asking for help.

我为这个问题找到的唯一解决方案是降级 TensorFlow 并安装 Visual Studio。我听说 Visual Studio 是一个非常大的程序，我不想安装它。至于降级TensorFlow，我觉得应该有更好的解决方案。使 TensorFlow 工作的 Visual Studio 是什么，有没有一种方法可以让我得到它（某些 DLL 或依赖项），而无需使用 Visual Studio 来获取其他所有内容？这些是我看到的地方的链接：

Tensorflow on windows - ImportError: DLL load failed: The specified module could not be found

2.https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/issues/35749

3.https://medium.com/@mdiqbalbajmi00786/importerror-keras-requires-tensorflow-2-2-e9f128c5fbf6

【问题讨论】：

标签： python tensorflow keras

【解决方案1】：

根据tensorflow installation，您应该为 Windows 7 或更高版本预安装 C++ redistributable。

你也可以直接从here下载tensorflow wheel，下载时请确保选择正确的操作系统、架构和python版本。然后就可以了

pip install path_t_wheel_file.whl

我听说 Visual Studio 是一个非常大的程序，我不想安装它。

您不必安装整个 Visual Studio，只需 C++ redistributable

是什么让 TensorFlow 工作的 Visual Studio，

我没有查看 tensorflow 的源代码，但我认为它是用 C++ 编写的，因此它需要 c++ 可再发行组件提供的其他库

【讨论】：

【解决方案2】：

这可能会有所帮助
创建新环境不要在基础环境中安装软件包（可选，但它为我修复了 tensorflow 安装错误）

conda install -c conda-forge tensorflow 安装张量流
然后pip install keras 或conda install -c conda-forge keras

【讨论】：