循环通过嵌套列表过滤器

Question

对不起，如果标题不正确，我是新手，正在自学 Python。我有一个包含这个的当前程序...

    # Prompt function List
    whatIsYourNameL = ['my name is','i am called', 'you may call me']
    # Do this is if prompted
    def whatIsYourName()
        print(f'Hello {youName}')

    while True:

        if list(filter(lambda x: x in choice.lower(), changeYourNameList)):
            changeYourName()
        elif list(filter(lambda x: x in choice.lower(), whatIsYourNameList)):
            whatIsYourName()
        elif list(filter(lambda x: x in choice.lower(), whatIsMyNameList)):
            whatIsMyName()

到目前为止，我在嵌套的 if - elif 语句中使用了相同的过滤器并更改了函数名称。我现在正试图通过尝试做这样的事情来简化......

     # Prompt function List
     whatIsYourNameL = ['my name is','i am called', 'you may call me']
     # Do this is if prompted
     def whatIsYourName()
        print(f'Hello {youName}')

     FunctList = ['changeYourName','whatIsYourName','whatIsMyName']
     c = choice.lower
     while True:    
    
        for funct in range(len(FunctList)):
            if list(filter(lambda x: x in c, f'{FunctList[funct]}L')):
                f'{FunctList[funct]}()'

关于我如何做到这一点的任何想法？

Answer 1

我不清楚您的过滤器应该如何工作，因为我不确定您的代码中的 c 是什么，但这演示了构建函数列表然后循环遍历该列表的概念：

def changeYourName():
    print("change your name")

def whatIsYourName():
    print("what is your name?")

def whatIsMyName():
    print("what is my name?")

FunctList = [changeYourName, whatIsYourName, whatIsMyName]

for f in FunctList:
    f()

请注意，函数本身进入列表，而不是与其名称对应的字符串。当您使用 for f in FunctList 遍历该列表的内容时，每个元素 (f) 都是您可以调用的函数，即 f()。

（编辑）

查看您更新的问题，您似乎正在尝试将前缀列表与每个函数相关联，然后调用与前缀匹配的函数？我可能会这样做——因为您不仅要检查匹配项，而且还想去掉前缀（您的代码没有为 youName 定义值，但根据上下文，您似乎想要提取它来自“我的名字是”字符串），对我来说将所有这些逻辑放在一个函数中是有意义的，这样您就不必在两个不同的地方处理前缀：

from typing import Callable, Iterable


def strip_prefix_and_call(
    prefixes: Iterable[str],
    func: Callable[[str], None],
    arg: str
) -> None:
    """Given an arg that starts with one of a set of prefixes,
    strip the prefix from the arg and invoke the given func.
    Raises ValueError if none of the prefixes is in the arg."""
    try:
        prefix = [p for p in prefixes if arg.lower().startswith(p)][0]
        func(arg[len(prefix):])
    except IndexError:
        raise ValueError(f"{arg} does not start with any prefix in {prefixes}")


def my_name_is(name: str):
    print(f"Hello {name}")


def do_this_thing(command: str):
    print(f"I don't know how to {command}")


while True:
    choice = input("? ")

    for prefixes, func in [
        (['my name is ', 'i am called ', 'you may call me '], my_name_is),
        (['please ', 'i order you to ', 'would you kindly '], do_this_thing),
    ]:
        try:
            strip_prefix_and_call(prefixes, func, choice)
            break
        except ValueError:
            continue

? My name is Bob
Hello Bob
? Would you kindly assemble a martini
I don't know how to assemble a martini