在 virtualenv 中安装 pip 时出现 ImportError

Question

我有一台安装了 python2.6 的 rhel 机器。我一直在尝试替代安装 python2.7 并设置一个 virtualenv 以使用 2.7。我通过从源代码构建安装了python2.7，如下所示：

./configure --prefix=/usr/local --enable-unicode=ucs4 --enable-shared LDFLAGS="-Wl,-rpath /usr/local/lib" 
make && make altinstall

我已经在系统上安装了 virtualenv，所以我用它为 2.7 创建了一个 venv，如下所示：

virtualenv -p python2.7 --no-setuptools py27
. py27/bin/activate

现在，当我尝试在 venv 中安装 pip 时，它会失败，如下所示：

python get-pip.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "get-pip.py", line 19857, in <module>
  main()
File "get-pip.py", line 151, in main
  bootstrap(tmpdir=tmpdir)
File "get-pip.py", line 81, in bootstrap
  import pip
File "/tmp/tmpArPs31/pip.zip/pip/__init__.py", line 15, in <module>
File "/tmp/tmpArPs31/pip.zip/pip/vcs/mercurial.py", line 11, in <module>
File "/tmp/tmpArPs31/pip.zip/pip/download.py", line 29, in <module>
File "/tmp/tmpArPs31/pip.zip/pip/_vendor/__init__.py", line 81, in load_module
ImportError: No module named 'pip._vendor.requests'

无法弄清楚这里出了什么问题。请帮忙。

我已经安装了 python 2.7.8。

编辑：我最初尝试在没有 --no-setuptools 选项的情况下创建 virtualenv，但这给了我同样的错误：

virtualenv -p python2.7 py27_with_pip
Running virtualenv with interpreter /usr/local/bin/python2.7
New python executable in py27_with_pip/bin/python2.7
Also creating executable in py27_with_pip/bin/python
Installing setuptools, pip...
  Complete output from command /data1/home/sagraw1/...th_pip/bin/python2.7 -c "import sys, pip;     sys...d\"] + sys.argv[1:]))" setuptools pip:
  Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/virtualenv-12.0-py2.6.egg/virtualenv_support/pip-6.0-    py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/__init__.py", line 15, in <module>
  File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/virtualenv-12.0-py2.6.egg/virtualenv_support/pip-6.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/vcs/mercurial.py", line 11, in <module>
  File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/virtualenv-12.0-py2.6.egg/virtualenv_support/pip-6.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/download.py", line 29, in <module>
  File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/virtualenv-12.0-py2.6.egg/virtualenv_support/pip-6.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/_vendor/__init__.py", line 81, in load_module
ImportError: No module named 'pip._vendor.requests'
----------------------------------------
...Installing setuptools, pip...done.
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/virtualenv-12.0-py2.6.egg/virtualenv.py", line 2363, in <module>
    main()
  File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/virtualenv-12.0-py2.6.egg/virtualenv.py", line 848, in main
symlink=options.symlink)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/virtualenv-12.0-py2.6.egg/virtualenv.py", line 1016, in create_environment
    install_wheel(to_install, py_executable, search_dirs)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/virtualenv-12.0-py2.6.egg/virtualenv.py", line 984, in install_wheel
    'PIP_NO_INDEX': '1'
  File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/virtualenv-12.0-py2.6.egg/virtualenv.py", line 926, in call_subprocess
    % (cmd_desc, proc.returncode))
OSError: Command /data1/home/sagraw1/...th_pip/bin/python2.7 -c "import sys, pip; sys...d\"] + sys.argv[1:]))" setuptools pip failed with error code 1

我试过直接用python2.7安装pip，但还是不行：

python2.7 get-pip.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "get-pip.py", line 19857, in <module>
    main()
  File "get-pip.py", line 151, in main
    bootstrap(tmpdir=tmpdir)
  File "get-pip.py", line 81, in bootstrap
    import pip
  File "/tmp/tmpPSVEkk/pip.zip/pip/__init__.py", line 15, in <module>
  File "/tmp/tmpPSVEkk/pip.zip/pip/vcs/mercurial.py", line 11, in <module>
  File "/tmp/tmpPSVEkk/pip.zip/pip/download.py", line 29, in <module>
  File "/tmp/tmpPSVEkk/pip.zip/pip/_vendor/__init__.py", line 81, in load_module
ImportError: No module named 'pip._vendor.requests'

Answer 1

我的情况与您的情况相似，但我最终找到了解决方法。至少在我的情况下，根本问题是当我编译 python 2.7.8 时，构建过程没有找到合适的 OpenSSL 库（因为它们没有安装在我的系统上）。 make 运行完成后，它显示了类似这样的摘要：

Failed to find the necessary bits to build these modules:
_bsddb             _curses            _curses_panel
_hashlib           _sqlite3           _ssl

这不会阻止 make install 工作，之后 Python 工作正常，除了它无法访问 https URL 和其他相关功能。您可以通过启动 python 然后输入

来判断这是否是您的情况

导入 ssl

如果您看到 ImportError，则说明缺少 ssl 模块。否则，您根本看不到任何消息。

我通过运行（以 root 身份）安装 OpenSSL 库来解决此问题：

yum install openssl-devel

完成后，我用 make 重建了 Python（现在 _ssl 没有被列为缺失），然后是 make install。在此之后，运行 get-pip.py 工作顺利。 希望这会有所帮助！