制作统计程序

Question

我正在尝试编写一个 Python 程序来计算和打印以下内容：

• 分数列表中的平均分数
• 分数列表中的最高分
• 获得最高分的学生的姓名。

程序首先要求用户输入病例数。对于每个案例，程序应要求用户输入学生人数。对于每个学生，程序要求用户输入学生的姓名和分数。对于每个案例，程序都会报告平均分、最高分和获得最高分的学生的姓名。

还有 如果一个 CASE 中有多个得分最高的人，则程序应仅报告第一次出现的情况。 平均分和最高分应精确到小数点后 2 位。 输出应该与示例程序输出中的一样。

到目前为止，我一直在尝试以下内容：

grade=[]
name_list=[]
cases=int(input('Enter number of cases: '))
for case in range(1,cases+1):
    print('case',case)
    number=int(input('Enter number of students: '))
    for number in range (1,number+1):

        name=str(input('Enter name of student: '))
        name_list.append(name)
        mark=float(input('Enter mark of student:'))
        grade.append(mark)


        highest= max (grade)
        average=(sum(grade)/number)
        high_name=grade.index(max(grade))
        print('average',average)
        print('Highest',highest)
        print (high_name)

这是我到目前为止所破译的。我现在最大的问题是获得高分的人的名字。非常感谢任何想法和反馈。至于下面发布的答案，恐怕我唯一不明白的是字典功能，但其余的对我来说确实有意义。

Answer 1

这类似于一项任务，它太具体细节。

无论如何，official docs 是开始学习 Python 的好地方。 它们非常清晰，并且有很多有用的信息，例如

range(start, end)：如果省略start参数，则默认为0

关于lists 的部分应该会给你一个良好的开端。

Answer 2

numcases = int(input("How many cases are there? "))

cases = list()

for _ in range(numcases):
    # the _ is used to signify we don't care about the number we're on
    # and range(3) == [0,1,2] so we'll get the same number of items we put in

    case = dict() # instantiate a dict

    for _ in range(int(input("How many students in this case? "))):
        # same as we did before, but skipping one step
        name = input("Student name: ")
        score = input("Student score: ")
        case[name] = score # tie the score to the name

    # at this point in execution, all data for this case should be
    # saved as keys in the dictionary `case`, so...
    cases.append(case) # we tack that into our list of cases!

# once we get here, we've done that for EVERY case, so now `cases` is
# a list of every case we have.

for case in cases:
    max_score = 0
    max_score_student = None # we WILL need this later
    total_score = 0 # we don't actually need this, but it's easier to explain
    num_entries = 0 # we don't actually need this, but it's easier to explain
    for student in case:
        score = case[student]
        if score > max_score:
            max_score = score
            max_score_student = student

        total_score += score
        num_entries += 1
        # again, we don't need these, but it helps to demonstrate!!
    # when we leave this for loop, we'll know the max score and its student
    # we'll also have the total saved in `total_score` and the length in `num_entries`
    # so now we need to do.....
    average = total_score/max_entries

    # then to print we use string formatting

    print("The highest score was {max_score} recorded by {max_score_student}".format(
        max_score=max_score, max_score_student=max_score_student))
    print("The average score is: {average}".format(average=average))