现在glibc中madvise和MADV_DONTNEED有两种用法:http://code.metager.de/source/search?q=MADV_DONTNEED&path=%2Fgnu%2Fglibc%2Fmalloc%2F&project=gnu
H A D arena.c 643 __madvise ((char *) h + new_size, diff, MADV_DONTNEED);
H A D malloc.c 4535 __madvise (paligned_mem, size & ~psm1, MADV_DONTNEED);
Ulrich Drepper 于 2007 年 12 月 16 日提交了https://sourceware.org/git/?p=glibc.git;a=commit;f=malloc/malloc.c;h=68631c8eb92ff38d9da1ae34f6aa048539b199cc(glibc 2.9 和更新版本的一部分):
- malloc/malloc.c (public_mTRIm):遍历所有 arenas 并调用
mTRIm 适用于所有这些。
(mTRIm):另外迭代所有空闲块并使用 madvise
为所有包含至少一个块的块释放内存
内存页。
mTRIm(现在是mtrim)实现已更改。块中未使用的部分,在页面大小上对齐并且大于页面的大小可以标记为MADV_DONTNEED:
/* See whether the chunk contains at least one unused page. */
char *paligned_mem = (char *) (((uintptr_t) p
+ sizeof (struct malloc_chunk)
+ psm1) & ~psm1);
assert ((char *) chunk2mem (p) + 4 * SIZE_SZ <= paligned_mem);
assert ((char *) p + size > paligned_mem);
/* This is the size we could potentially free. */
size -= paligned_mem - (char *) p;
if (size > psm1)
madvise (paligned_mem, size & ~psm1, MADV_DONTNEED);
malloc_trim 的手册页在那里:https://github.com/mkerrisk/man-pages/blob/master/man3/malloc_trim.3,它是由 kerrisk 在 2012 年提交的:https://github.com/mkerrisk/man-pages/commit/a15b0e60b297e29c825b7417582a33e6ca26bf65
我可以grep the glibc's git, there are no man pages in the glibc,并且没有提交到 malloc_trim 手册页来记录这个补丁。 glibc malloc 最好也是唯一的文档是它的源码:https://sourceware.org/git/?p=glibc.git;a=blob;f=malloc/malloc.c
Additional functions:
malloc_trim(size_t pad);
609 /*
610 malloc_trim(size_t pad);
611
612 If possible, gives memory back to the system (via negative
613 arguments to sbrk) if there is unused memory at the `high' end of
614 the malloc pool. You can call this after freeing large blocks of
615 memory to potentially reduce the system-level memory requirements
616 of a program. However, it cannot guarantee to reduce memory. Under
617 some allocation patterns, some large free blocks of memory will be
618 locked between two used chunks, so they cannot be given back to
619 the system.
620
621 The `pad' argument to malloc_trim represents the amount of free
622 trailing space to leave untrimmed. If this argument is zero,
623 only the minimum amount of memory to maintain internal data
624 structures will be left (one page or less). Non-zero arguments
625 can be supplied to maintain enough trailing space to service
626 future expected allocations without having to re-obtain memory
627 from the system.
628
629 Malloc_trim returns 1 if it actually released any memory, else 0.
630 On systems that do not support "negative sbrks", it will always
631 return 0.
632 */
633 int __malloc_trim(size_t);
634
从块的中间释放没有记录为 malloc/malloc.c 中的文本(并且在 2007 年没有更新推荐中的 malloc_trim 描述),也没有记录在手册页项目中。 2012 年的手册页可能是该函数的第一个手册页,不是由 glibc 的作者编写的。 glibc 的信息页面仅提及 128 KB 的 M_TRIM_THRESHOLD:
https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Malloc-Tunable-Parameters.html#Malloc-Tunable-Parameters 并且不列出 malloc_trim 函数 https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Summary-of-Malloc.html#Summary-of-Malloc (并且它也没有记录 memusage/memusagestat/libmemusage.so)。
您可以再次询问 Drepper 和其他 glibc 开发人员,就像您在 https://sourceware.org/ml/libc-help/2015-02/msg00022.html“malloc_trim() 行为”中所做的那样,但仍然没有得到他们的回复。 (仅来自其他用户的错误答案,例如 https://sourceware.org/ml/libc-help/2015-05/msg00007.html https://sourceware.org/ml/libc-help/2015-05/msg00008.html)
或者您可以使用这个简单的 C 程序 (test_malloc_trim.c) 和 strace/ltrace 来测试 malloc_trim:
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <malloc.h>
int main()
{
int *m1,*m2,*m3,*m4;
printf("%s\n","Test started");
m1=(int*)malloc(20000);
m2=(int*)malloc(40000);
m3=(int*)malloc(80000);
m4=(int*)malloc(10000);
printf("1:%p 2:%p 3:%p 4:%p\n", m1, m2, m3, m4);
free(m2);
malloc_trim(0); // 20000, 2000000
sleep(1);
free(m1);
free(m3);
free(m4);
// malloc_stats(); malloc_info(0, stdout);
return 0;
}
gcc test_malloc_trim.c -o test_malloc_trim, strace ./test_malloc_trim
write(1, "Test started\n", 13Test started
) = 13
brk(0) = 0xcca000
brk(0xcef000) = 0xcef000
write(1, "1:0xcca010 2:0xccee40 3:0xcd8a90"..., 441:0xcca010 2:0xccee40 3:0xcd8a90 4:0xcec320
) = 44
madvise(0xccf000, 36864, MADV_DONTNEED) = 0
rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, [CHLD], [], 8) = 0
rt_sigaction(SIGCHLD, NULL, {SIG_DFL, [], 0}, 8) = 0
rt_sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, [], NULL, 8) = 0
nanosleep({1, 0}, 0x7ffffafbfff0) = 0
brk(0xceb000) = 0xceb000
所以,在malloc_trim(0) 调用后,有madvise 和MADV_DONTNEED 9 页,此时堆中间有40008 字节的空洞。