【发布时间】：2026-02-10 11:15:02
【问题描述】：
在 SSMS 中，当我单击数据库“任务 -> 生成脚本”时，我得到一个输出脚本。
如何使用非图形工具做同样的事情？
【问题讨论】：
-
为什么要标记“数据库备份”？编写数据库脚本与进行备份非常不同......
标签： sql-server sql-server-2008 database-schema
【发布时间】：2026-02-10 11:15:02
【问题描述】：
您可以使用 powershell 来执行此操作。这里是脚本表的示例。 http://www.simple-talk.com/sql/sql-tools/using-powershell-to-generate-table-creation-scripts/ 我猜应该可以扩展其他类型的数据库对象。
编辑刚刚注意到标题说的是数据和架构。我不知道从命令行执行此操作的任何免费内容。如果您购买了正确的版本，或者您可以编写应用程序/电源 shell 脚本来执行此操作，Redgate SQL Compare Suite 可以从命令行自动执行。
【讨论】：
-
图形工具可以转储数据
对于数据，您可以使用名为 bcp 的批量导出实用程序，它允许您将数据从 SQL Server 表转储到文件中，例如CSV 文件或制表符分隔的文件。
我不知道任何 SQL Server 提供的实用程序会像 SQL Server Management Studio 那样使用 INSERT 语句创建 SQL 脚本。
【讨论】：
图形工具只是实际实现脚本的 SMO 类的包装器，例如 Scripter 类。在 MSDN 中有一个使用 SMO 编写数据库中所有表的示例：Scripting:
//Connect to the local, default instance of SQL Server.
{
Server srv = default(Server);
srv = new Server();
//Reference the AdventureWorks database.
Database db = default(Database);
db = srv.Databases("AdventureWorks");
//Define a Scripter object and set the required scripting options.
Scripter scrp = default(Scripter);
scrp = new Scripter(srv);
scrp.Options.ScriptDrops = false;
scrp.Options.WithDependencies = true;
//Iterate through the tables in database and script each one. Display the script.
//Note that the StringCollection type needs the System.Collections.Specialized namespace to be included.
Table tb = default(Table);
Urn[] smoObjects = new Urn[2];
foreach ( tb in db.Tables) {
smoObjects = new Urn[1];
smoObjects(0) = tb.Urn;
if (tb.IsSystemObject == false) {
StringCollection sc = default(StringCollection);
sc = scrp.Script(smoObjects);
string st = null;
foreach ( st in sc) {
Console.WriteLine(st);
}
}
}
}
还有更多如何在其他各种网站上使用它的示例。
【讨论】：
您可以使用 SQL Server 发布向导编写架构和数据。这可以从命令行完成。 1.4 版是您希望它与 Visual Studio 2008 版以及 SQL Server 2008 捆绑在一起的版本。您可以在 Program Files/Microsoft SQL server/90/Tools/Publishing/1.4/SqlPubWiz 中找到它我相信它也是一个项目在 CodePlex 上。
输入 SQlPubWiz /?查看命令行选项
【讨论】：
我编写了一个名为SchemaZen 的开源命令行实用程序来执行此操作。它比管理工作室的脚本要快得多，而且它的输出对版本控制更友好。它支持脚本模式和数据。
要生成脚本运行：
schemazen.exe 脚本 --server localhost --database db --scriptDir c:\somedir
然后从脚本运行重新创建数据库：
schemazen.exe create --server localhost --database db --scriptDir c:\somedir
【讨论】：
http://exportsqlscript.codeplex.com/ 有现成的免费开源命令行模式导出工具。
命令行驱动的实用程序，用于将 MS SQL 对象导出到适合数据库创建和修订控制的脚本文件。 使用与 SQL Server 2000、SQL Server 2005、SQL Server 2008 和 SQL Server 2008 R2 兼容的 2008R2 服务器管理对象 (SMO)。
必须安装 Windows Installer 4.5、.NET Framework 3.5 和来自 SQL Server 2008 R2 Feature Pack 的具有系统 CLR 类型的共享管理对象才能正常工作。
适用于 SQL Server 2005 的导出命令示例：
ExportSQLScript.exe . dldb /ot:Tree /xt:UserDefinedTableTypes
【讨论】：
-
nigelrivett.net/DMOScriptAllDatabases.html还有另一个使用 SMO 的 TSQL 示例。
你可以下载powershell脚本
https://gallery.technet.microsoft.com/SCRIPTING-DB-DB-OBJECTS-DB-81bba072
powershell 脚本将脚本输出 db、db 对象、db 权限， sql 登录，sql 权限，sql 作业，sql 链接服务器，sql 邮件， sql server 触发器
$path = "E:\pruthvi\pruthvi\"
$servername="SRVBLRDBATST98\MSSQLSERVER1"
$query=@"
set nocount off
IF OBJECT_ID(N'tempdb..##temp1') IS NOT NULL
DROP TABLE ##temp1
create table ##temp1(query varchar(1000))
insert into ##temp1
select 'use '+db_name() +';'
insert into ##temp1
select 'go'
/*creating database roles*/
insert into ##temp1
select 'if DATABASE_PRINCIPAL_ID('''+name+''') is null exec sp_addrole '''+name+''';' from sysusers
where issqlrole = 1 and (sid is not null and sid <> 0x0)
/*creating application roles*/
insert into ##temp1
select 'if DATABASE_PRINCIPAL_ID('+char(39)+name+char(39)+')
is null CREATE APPLICATION ROLE ['+name+'] WITH DEFAULT_SCHEMA = ['+
default_schema_name+'], Password='+char(39)+'Pass$w0rd123'+char(39)+' ;'
from sys.database_principals
where type_desc='APPLICATION_ROLE'
insert into ##temp1
select
case
when state_desc='GRANT_WITH_GRANT_OPTION'
then
substring (state_desc,0,6)+' '+permission_name+' to '+'['+USER_NAME(grantee_principal_id)+']'+' WITH
GRANT OPTION ;'
else
state_desc+' '+permission_name+' to '+'['+USER_NAME(grantee_principal_id)+']'+' ;'
END
from sys.database_permissions
where class=0 and USER_NAME(grantee_principal_id) not in ('dbo','guest','sys','information_schema')
insert into ##temp1
select
case
when state_desc='GRANT_WITH_GRANT_OPTION'
then
substring (state_desc,0,6)+' '+permission_name+' on '+OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(major_id)+'.'+OBJECT_NAME
(major_id)
+' to '+'['+USER_NAME(grantee_principal_id)+']'+' with grant option ;'
else
state_desc+' '+permission_name+' on '+OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(major_id)+'.'+OBJECT_NAME(major_id)
+' to '+'['+USER_NAME(grantee_principal_id)+']'+' ;'
end
from sys.database_permissions where class=1 and USER_NAME(grantee_principal_id) not in ('public');
insert into ##temp1
select
case
when state_desc='GRANT_WITH_GRANT_OPTION'
then
substring (state_desc,0,6)+' '+permission_name+' ON schema::['+sa.name+
'] to ['+user_name(dp.grantee_principal_id)+'] with grant option ;'
else
state_desc+' '+permission_name+' ON schema::['+sa.name+
'] to ['+user_name(dp.grantee_principal_id)+'] ;'
COLLATE LATIN1_General_CI_AS
end
from sys.database_permissions dp inner join sys.schemas sa on
sa.schema_id = dp.major_id where dp.class=3
insert into ##temp1
select
case
when state_desc='GRANT_WITH_GRANT_OPTION'
then
substring (state_desc,0,6)+' '+permission_name+' ON APPLICATION ROLE::['+sa.name+
'] to ['+user_name(dp.grantee_principal_id)+'] with grant option ;'
else
state_desc+' '+permission_name+' ON APPLICATION ROLE::['+sa.name+
'] to ['+user_name(dp.grantee_principal_id)+'] ;'
COLLATE LATIN1_General_CI_AS
end
from sys.database_permissions dp inner join sys.database_principals sa on
sa.principal_id = dp.major_id where dp.class=4 and sa.type='A'
insert into ##temp1
select
case
when state_desc='GRANT_WITH_GRANT_OPTION'
then
substring (state_desc,0,6)+' '+permission_name+' ON ROLE::['+sa.name+
'] to ['+user_name(dp.grantee_principal_id)+'] with grant option ;'
else
state_desc+' '+permission_name+' ON ROLE::['+sa.name+
'] to ['+user_name(dp.grantee_principal_id)+'] ;'
COLLATE LATIN1_General_CI_AS
end
from sys.database_permissions dp inner join
sys.database_principals sa on sa.principal_id = dp.major_id
where dp.class=4 and sa.type='R'
insert into ##temp1
select
case
when state_desc='GRANT_WITH_GRANT_OPTION'
then
substring (state_desc,0,6)+' '+permission_name+' ON ASSEMBLY::['+sa.name+
'] to ['+user_name(dp.grantee_principal_id)+'] with grant option ;'
else
state_desc+' '+permission_name+' ON ASSEMBLY::['+sa.name+
'] to ['+user_name(dp.grantee_principal_id)+'] ;'
COLLATE LATIN1_General_CI_AS
end
from sys.database_permissions dp inner join sys.assemblies sa on
sa.assembly_id = dp.major_id
where dp.class=5
insert into ##temp1
select
case
when state_desc='GRANT_WITH_GRANT_OPTION'
then
substring (state_desc,0,6)+' '+permission_name+' ON type::['
+SCHEMA_NAME(schema_id)+'].['+sa.name+
'] to ['+user_name(dp.grantee_principal_id)+'] with grant option ;'
else
state_desc+' '+permission_name+' ON type::['
+SCHEMA_NAME(schema_id)+'].['+sa.name+
'] to ['+user_name(dp.grantee_principal_id)+'] ;'
COLLATE LATIN1_General_CI_AS
end
from sys.database_permissions dp inner join sys.types sa on
sa.user_type_id = dp.major_id
where dp.class=6
insert into ##temp1
select
case
when state_desc='GRANT_WITH_GRANT_OPTION'
then
substring (state_desc,0,6)+' '+permission_name+' ON XML SCHEMA COLLECTION::['+
SCHEMA_NAME(SCHEMA_ID)+'].['+sa.name+'] to ['+user_name(dp.grantee_principal_id)+'] with grant option ;'
else
state_desc+' '+permission_name+' ON XML SCHEMA COLLECTION::['+
SCHEMA_NAME(SCHEMA_ID)+'].['+sa.name+'] to ['+user_name(dp.grantee_principal_id)+'];'
COLLATE LATIN1_General_CI_AS
end
from sys.database_permissions dp inner join sys.xml_schema_collections sa on
sa.xml_collection_id = dp.major_id
where dp.class=10
insert into ##temp1
select
case
when state_desc='GRANT_WITH_GRANT_OPTION'
then
substring (state_desc,0,6)+' '+permission_name+' ON message type::['+sa.name+
'] to ['+user_name(dp.grantee_principal_id)+'] with grant option ;'
else
state_desc+' '+permission_name+' ON message type::['+sa.name+
'] to ['+user_name(dp.grantee_principal_id)+'] ;'
COLLATE LATIN1_General_CI_AS
end
from sys.database_permissions dp inner join sys.service_message_types sa on
sa.message_type_id = dp.major_id
where dp.class=15
insert into ##temp1
select
case
when state_desc='GRANT_WITH_GRANT_OPTION'
then
substring (state_desc,0,6)+' '+permission_name+' ON contract::['+sa.name+
'] to ['+user_name(dp.grantee_principal_id)+'] with grant option ;'
else
state_desc+' '+permission_name+' ON contract::['+sa.name+
'] to ['+user_name(dp.grantee_principal_id)+'] ;'
COLLATE LATIN1_General_CI_AS
end
from sys.database_permissions dp inner join sys.service_contracts sa on
sa.service_contract_id = dp.major_id
where dp.class=16
insert into ##temp1
select
case
when state_desc='GRANT_WITH_GRANT_OPTION'
then
substring (state_desc,0,6)+' '+permission_name+' ON SERVICE::['+sa.name+
'] to ['+user_name(dp.grantee_principal_id)+'] with grant option ;'
else
state_desc+' '+permission_name+' ON SERVICE::['+sa.name+
'] to ['+user_name(dp.grantee_principal_id)+'] ;'
COLLATE LATIN1_General_CI_AS
end
from sys.database_permissions dp inner join sys.services sa on
sa.service_id = dp.major_id
where dp.class=17
insert into ##temp1
select
case
when state_desc='GRANT_WITH_GRANT_OPTION'
then
substring (state_desc,0,6)+' '+permission_name+' ON REMOTE SERVICE BINDING::['+sa.name+
'] to ['+user_name(dp.grantee_principal_id)+'] with grant option ;'
else
state_desc+' '+permission_name+' ON REMOTE SERVICE BINDING::['+sa.name+
'] to ['+user_name(dp.grantee_principal_id)+'] ;'
COLLATE LATIN1_General_CI_AS
end
from sys.database_permissions dp inner join sys.remote_service_bindings sa on
sa.remote_service_binding_id = dp.major_id
where dp.class=18
insert into ##temp1
select
case
when state_desc='GRANT_WITH_GRANT_OPTION'
then
substring (state_desc,0,6)+' '+permission_name+' ON route::['+sa.name+
'] to ['+user_name(dp.grantee_principal_id)+'] with grant option ;'
else
state_desc+' '+permission_name+' ON route::['+sa.name+
'] to ['+user_name(dp.grantee_principal_id)+'] ;'
COLLATE LATIN1_General_CI_AS
end
from sys.database_permissions dp inner join sys.routes sa on
sa.route_id = dp.major_id
where dp.class=19
insert into ##temp1
select
case
when state_desc='GRANT_WITH_GRANT_OPTION'
then
substring (state_desc,0,6)+' '+permission_name+' ON FULLTEXT CATALOG::['+sa.name+
'] to ['+user_name(dp.grantee_principal_id)+'] with grant option ;'
else
state_desc+' '+permission_name+' ON FULLTEXT CATALOG::['+sa.name+
'] to ['+user_name(dp.grantee_principal_id)+'] ;'
COLLATE LATIN1_General_CI_AS
end
from sys.database_permissions dp inner join sys.fulltext_catalogs sa on
sa.fulltext_catalog_id = dp.major_id
where dp.class=23
insert into ##temp1
select
case
when state_desc='GRANT_WITH_GRANT_OPTION'
then
substring (state_desc,0,6)+' '+permission_name+' ON SYMMETRIC KEY::['+sa.name+
'] to ['+user_name(dp.grantee_principal_id)+'] with grant option ;'
else
state_desc+' '+permission_name+' ON SYMMETRIC KEY::['+sa.name+
'] to ['+user_name(dp.grantee_principal_id)+'] ;'
COLLATE LATIN1_General_CI_AS
end
from sys.database_permissions dp inner join sys.symmetric_keys sa on
sa.symmetric_key_id = dp.major_id
where dp.class=24
insert into ##temp1
select
case
when state_desc='GRANT_WITH_GRANT_OPTION'
then
substring (state_desc,0,6)+' '+permission_name+' ON certificate::['+sa.name+
'] to ['+user_name(dp.grantee_principal_id)+'] with grant option ;'
else
state_desc+' '+permission_name+' ON certificate::['+sa.name+
'] to ['+user_name(dp.grantee_principal_id)+'] ;'
COLLATE LATIN1_General_CI_AS
end
from sys.database_permissions dp inner join sys.certificates sa on
sa.certificate_id = dp.major_id
where dp.class=25
insert into ##temp1
select
case
when state_desc='GRANT_WITH_GRANT_OPTION'
then
substring (state_desc,0,6)+' '+permission_name+' ON ASYMMETRIC KEY::['+sa.name+
'] to ['+user_name(dp.grantee_principal_id)+'] with grant option ;'
else
state_desc+' '+permission_name+' ON ASYMMETRIC KEY::['+sa.name+
'] to ['+user_name(dp.grantee_principal_id)+'] ;'
COLLATE LATIN1_General_CI_AS
end
from sys.database_permissions dp inner join sys.asymmetric_keys sa on
sa.asymmetric_key_id = dp.major_id
where dp.class=26
insert into ##temp1
select 'exec sp_addrolemember ''' +p.NAME+''','+'['+m.NAME+']'+' ;'
FROM sys.database_role_members rm
JOIN sys.database_principals p
ON rm.role_principal_id = p.principal_id
JOIN sys.database_principals m
ON rm.member_principal_id = m.principal_id
where m.name not like 'dbo';
select * from ##temp1
"@
$loginscript=@"
IF ((SELECT convert(int,substring(@@VERSION,21,5)))<2008)
begin
set nocount on
declare @table table (query varchar(max))
insert into @table
select 'CREATE LOGIN '+QUOTENAME(name)+' FROM WINDOWS WITH DEFAULT_DATABASE='+QUOTENAME(default_database_name)+' ;'
from sys.server_principals where type in('U','G')
insert into @table
select 'CREATE LOGIN ' + QUOTENAME(name)+
' WITH PASSWORD =' +CONVERT(varchar(max), LOGINPROPERTY(name, 'PasswordHash'),1 )+' HASHED ,SID='+'0x' + CAST('' as XML).value('xs:hexBinary(sql:column("sid"))', 'varchar(MAX)')+', default_database=['+default_database_name+'],'+
case when is_policy_checked=0 then 'CHECK_POLICY = OFF' when is_policy_checked=1 then 'CHECK_POLICY = ON ' end+
case when is_expiration_checked=0 then ' , CHECK_EXPIRATION = OFF ' when is_policy_checked=1 then ', CHECK_EXPIRATION = ON' end+
'; '+case when is_disabled=1 then 'ALTER LOGIN ['+name+ '] DISABLE;' when is_disabled=0 then ' ' end
from sys.sql_logins where name not like '%##%' and name not like '%sa%'
select * from @table
end
else
begin
set nocount on
declare @table1 table (query varchar(max))
insert into @table1
select 'CREATE LOGIN '+QUOTENAME(name)+' FROM WINDOWS WITH DEFAULT_DATABASE='+QUOTENAME(default_database_name)+' ;'
from sys.server_principals where type in('U','G')
insert into @table1
select 'CREATE LOGIN ' + QUOTENAME(name)+
' WITH PASSWORD =' +CONVERT(varchar(max), LOGINPROPERTY(name, 'PasswordHash'),1 )+' HASHED ,SID='+CONVERT(varchar(max), sid, 1)+', default_database=['+default_database_name+'],'+
case when is_policy_checked=0 then 'CHECK_POLICY = OFF' when is_policy_checked=1 then 'CHECK_POLICY = ON ' end+
case when is_expiration_checked=0 then ' , CHECK_EXPIRATION = OFF ' when is_policy_checked=1 then ', CHECK_EXPIRATION = ON' end+
'; '+case when is_disabled=1 then 'ALTER LOGIN ['+name+ '] DISABLE;' when is_disabled=0 then ' ' end
from sys.sql_logins where name not like '%##%' and name not like '%sa%'
select * from @table1
end
"@
$serverperm=@"
set nocount on
IF OBJECT_ID(N'tempdb..##servrole') IS NOT NULL
DROP TABLE ##servrole
CREATE TABLE ##servrole (query varchar(1000))
insert into ##servrole
select 'use master;'
insert into ##servrole
select ' exec sp_addsrvrolemember '''+m.name+''','+p.name+';' FROM sys.server_role_members rm
JOIN sys.server_principals p
ON rm.role_principal_id = p.principal_id
JOIN sys.server_principals m
ON rm.member_principal_id = m.principal_id
where m.name not in ('sa','dbo','entity owner','information_schema','sys','public');
insert into ##servrole
select
case when sp.state_desc='GRANT_WITH_GRANT_OPTION' then
substring (state_desc,0,6)+' '+permission_name+' to ['+srp.name+'] with grant option ;'
else
state_desc+' '+permission_name+' to ['+srp.name+'] ;'
end
from sys.server_permissions sp
join sys.server_principals srp on sp.grantee_principal_id=srp.principal_id
where srp.name not like '%##%' and
srp.name not in ('sa','dbo','entity owner','information_schema','sys')
and sp.type not in ('COSQ','CO');
select query as ' ' from ##servrole where query is not null;
go
drop table ##servrole
go
"@
[System.Reflection.Assembly]::LoadWithPartialName('Microsoft.SqlServer.SMO')
$s = new-object ('Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Server') $servername
$dbs=$s.Databases
foreach ($db in $dbs)
{
$dbname = "$db".replace("[","").replace("]","")
$dbpath = "$path"
$db.script()| out-file $path$dbname.txt
foreach ($tables in $db.tables)
{
$tables.script() |out-file $path$dbname.txt -append
foreach ($index in $tables.Indexes)
{
$index.script() |out-file $path$dbname.txt -append
}
}
bcp "use $db ;select definition from sys.sql_modules " queryout $path$dbname"1".txt -c -t -T -S $servername
gc $path$dbname.txt,$path$dbname"1".txt | out-file $path$dbname"2".txt
$myTable=Invoke-Sqlcmd -Query $query -ServerInstance $servername -database $dbname
$myTable|Format-Table -AutoSize|Out-String -Width 8192 |out-file $path$dbname"2".txt -append
rm $path$dbname.txt,$path$dbname"1".txt
}
$srv=new-object "Microsoft.SqlServer.management.smo.server" $servername
$srv.JobServer.Jobs|%{$_.script()}|out-file $path"agentjobs".txt
$srv.LinkedServers|%{$_.script()}|out-file $path"linkedservers".txt
$srv.backupdevices|%{$_.script()}|out-file $path"backupdevices".txt
$srv.mail|%{$_.script()}|out-file $path"mail".txt
$srv.triggers|%{$_.script()}|out-file $path"servertriggers".txt
$myTable=Invoke-Sqlcmd -Query $loginscript -ServerInstance $servername -database master
$myTable|Format-Table -AutoSize|Out-String -Width 8192 |out-file $path"serverlogins".txt -append
$servperm=Invoke-Sqlcmd -Query $serverperm -ServerInstance $servername -database master
$servperm|Format-Table -AutoSize|Out-String -Width 8192 |out-file $path"serverpermission".txt -append
【讨论】：
微软上周发布了一个名为 mssql-scripter 的新工具。它是 SSMS 中“生成脚本”向导的命令行版本。该工具是一个基于 Python 的开源命令行工具，您可以找到官方公告here。本质上，脚本程序允许您为数据库/数据库对象生成 T-SQL 脚本（DDL 和 DML）作为 .sql 文件。下面是一个快速使用示例，可帮助您入门：
$ pip install mssql-scripter
# script the database schema and data piped to a file.
$ mssql-scripter -S localhost -d AdventureWorks -U sa --schema-and-data > ./adventureworks.sql
更多使用示例在我们的 GitHub 页面上： https://github.com/Microsoft/sql-xplat-cli/blob/dev/doc/usage_guide.md
【讨论】：