【问题标题】:PureScript and typeclassesPureScript 和类型类
【发布时间】:2014-12-11 18:15:07
【问题描述】:

我遇到了 PureScript 类型类的问题。我必须先声明,我也不是 Haskell 专家,所以如果这些是明显的错误,我深表歉意。

我尝试了几种不同的方法,但每种方法都碰壁了。我基本上是在尝试为图中的一条边定义一个 show 函数。一种方法如下所示:

module Foo where

data Edge n = Edge { from :: n, to :: n }

instance showEdge :: (Show n) => Show (Edge n) where
  show e = "Edge from "++(show e.from)++" to "++(show e.to)

e = Edge { from: 1, to: 2 }

main = show e

这给了我错误:

$ psc src/Attempt1.purs
Error at src/Attempt1.purs line 6, column 27:
Error in declaration showEdge
Cannot unify Prim.Object with Foo.Edge.

我猜这与它在show 的定义中推断e 的类型有关。我尝试在此处添加类型注释,但出现语法错误:

module Foo where

data Edge n = Edge { from :: n, to :: n }

instance showEdge :: (Show n) => Show (Edge n) where
  show e :: Edge n
  show e = "Edge from "++(show e.from)++" to "++(show e.to)

e = Edge { from: 1, to: 2 }

main = show e

我尝试的第二件事是:

module Foo where

type Edge n = { from :: n, to :: n }

instance showEdge :: (Show n) => Show (Edge n) where
  show e = "Edge from "++(show e.from)++" to "++(show e.to)

e :: Edge Number
e = { from: 1, to: 2 }

main = show e

这给了我:

$ psc src/Attempt2.purs
Error at src/Attempt2.purs line 5, column 1:
Type synonym instances are disallowed

然后我尝试显式列出底层类型:

module Foo where

type Edge n = { from :: n, to :: n }

instance showEdge :: (Show n) => Show { from :: n, to :: n } where
  show e = "Edge from "++(show e.from)++" to "++(show e.to)

e :: Edge Number
e = { from: 1, to: 2 }

main = show e

这给了我:

$ psc src/Attempt3.purs
Error at src/Attempt3.purs line 5, column 1:
Error in type (to :: n, from :: n):
Type class instance head is invalid.

我不知道“类型类实例头”是什么,所以我无处可去。

所有三个尝试都失败了。可能出于完全不同的原因。作为 PureScript 的新手,我只是不知道问题出在哪里。我一直在尝试查看来自各种 Data.* 类型的示例并通过示例阅读 PureScript。我一直无法弄清楚这一点。

感谢您的帮助。

【问题讨论】:

    标签: purescript


    【解决方案1】:

    实际上,您的第一次尝试就差不多了,这里的问题是 Edge 是一个数据构造函数,其中一个字段包含一个对象,而 Haskell 中的相同语法是定义函数用于访问数据中的多个字段。

    Haskell 不像 PureScript 那样将对象/记录作为第一类对象,因此您需要做的就是从 Edge 中解开对象:

    show (Edge e) = "Edge from " ++ show e.from ++ " to " ++ show e.to

    【讨论】:

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