响应在 Python 2.7 文档中。
见：13.1.5. Examples
您可以定义一个UnicodeWriter，见下文：
import cStringIO
import codecs
import csv
class UnicodeWriter(object):
"""
A CSV writer which will write rows to CSV file "f",
which is encoded in the given encoding.
"""
# pylint: disable=too-few-public-methods
def __init__(self, ostream, dialect=csv.excel, encoding="utf-8", **kwargs):
"""
Initialize the write with the output stream, the Excel dialect and the encoding.
:param istream: Output stream to encode.
:type istream: file like object.
:param dialect: Excel dialect.
:type dialect: Dialect
:param encoding: Encoding to use.
:type encoding: str
"""
# Redirect output to a queue
self.queue = cStringIO.StringIO()
self.writer = csv.writer(self.queue, dialect=dialect, **kwargs)
self.stream = ostream
self.encoder = codecs.getincrementalencoder(encoding)()
def writerow(self, row):
"""
Write a row to the output stream (CSV file).
:param row: List of UNICODE string to write.
:type row: list of unicode
"""
self.writer.writerow([s.encode("utf-8") for s in row])
# Fetch UTF-8 output from the queue ...
data = self.queue.getvalue()
data = data.decode("utf-8")
# ... and re-encode it into the target encoding
data = self.encoder.encode(data)
# write to the target stream
self.stream.write(data)
# empty queue
self.queue.truncate(0)
def writerows(self, rows):
"""
Write a list of rows. See: :meth:`writerow`.
:param rows: List of rows.
:type rows: list.
"""
for row in rows:
self.writerow(row)
这是一个带有异常处理的完整实现：
import csv
import sys
def to_unicode(obj):
""" Convert an object to UNICODE string (robust way). """
if obj is None:
return u""
elif isinstance(obj, unicode):
return obj
elif isinstance(obj, str):
try:
return unicode(obj, sys.getdefaultencoding())
except UnicodeDecodeError:
return unicode(repr(obj))
else:
return unicode(obj)
class CsvWriteException(ValueError):
"""
Exception raised when a CSV file can't be written.
"""
def __init__(self, csv_path, invalid_row, cause):
"""
Initialize the exception.
:param csv_path: Full path of the CSV file to read.
:type csv_path: str
:param invalid_row: Row to write but containing invalid values.
:type invalid_row: list[unicode]
:param cause: Exception cause of the problem.
:type cause: Exception
"""
super(CsvWriteException, self).__init__(csv_path, invalid_row, cause)
def get_csv_path(self):
"""
:return: Full path of the CSV file to read (unicode).
"""
return self.args[0]
def get_invalid_row(self):
"""
:return: Row to write but containing invalid values (list of unicodes).
"""
return self.args[1]
def get_cause(self):
"""
:return: Exception cause of the problem (Exception).
"""
return self.args[2]
def __str__(self):
return repr(self.__unicode__())
def __unicode__(self):
msg_fmt = (u"Échec d'écriture du fichier {csv_path}, enregistrement invalide\u00a0: {invalid_row}. "
u"-- Cause: {cause}")
csv_path = self.quote(self.get_csv_path())
invalid_row = repr(self.get_invalid_row())
cause = self.get_cause()
err_msg = msg_fmt.format(csv_path=csv_path,
invalid_row=invalid_row,
cause=cause)
return err_msg
@staticmethod
def quote(text):
"""
Quote a text using the format '"{0}"', or the string "None" if the text is None.
:param text: String to quote.
:type text: str or unicode.
:return: The quoted text or "None".
"""
if text is None:
return "None"
else:
if isinstance(text, str):
escaped = unicode(text.replace('"', '\\"'), errors='replace')
else:
escaped = text.replace('"', '\\"')
return u'"{0}"'.format(escaped)
def write_csv_file(csv_path, record_list, dialect=csv.excel, encoding="utf-8"):
"""
Write the records to a CSV file on disk.
See: :meth:`csv.list_dialects`: for a list of all registered dialects.
:param csv_path: Full path of the CSV file to write.
:type csv_path: str or unicode
:param record_list: Records to write: list of dictionaries of the type (field_name, field_value).
:type record_list: list[dict]
:param dialect: The optional 'dialect' parameter can be given which is used to define a set of parameters
specific to a particular CSV dialect. For example: "excel-tab" or "excel".
:type dialect: Dialect or str or unicode
:param encoding: Characters encoding to use to read the CSV file, default: "utf-8".
:type encoding: str or unicode
:raise CsvWriteException: Exception raised when a CSV file can't be written.
"""
with open(csv_path, 'wb') as ostream:
if len(record_list) == 0:
# leave the file empty without header
return
writer = UnicodeWriter(ostream, dialect=dialect, encoding=encoding)
curr_row = None
try:
# Write the header: list of fields.
header = curr_row = record_list[0].keys()
writer.writerow(curr_row)
# Write records: list of values
for record in record_list:
curr_row = [record.get(key) for key in header] # same order as header
curr_row = [to_unicode(value) for value in curr_row]
writer.writerow(curr_row)
except (csv.Error, UnicodeEncodeError) as cause:
raise CsvWriteException(csv_path, curr_row, cause)