Cocoa 按钮打开系统偏好设置页面

Question

在 OSX Cocoa 应用程序中，我想要一个可以打开“语音”首选项窗格的按钮。那可能吗？我只是想为他们节省时间去系统偏好设置>语音>文本到语音

Answer 1

以下是一种相当简单（且可靠）的方法，至少可以让 Speech.prefPane 的系统偏好设置打开：

- (IBAction)openSpeechPrefs:(id)sender {
    [[NSWorkspace sharedWorkspace] openURL:
     [NSURL fileURLWithPath:@"/System/Library/PreferencePanes/Speech.prefPane"]];
}

但是，它不一定会切换到Text to Speech 标签，而是用户选择的最后一个标签。

实际上也可以切换到“文本到语音”选项卡，但它涉及的更多。您可以使用 AppleScript 向系统偏好设置应用程序发送命令，但使用 ScriptingBridge.framework（参见 Scripting Bridge Programming Guide）要快得多。

您需要将ScriptingBridge.framework 添加到您的项目中，然后在终端中使用如下命令生成SBSystemPreferences.h 头文件以供使用：

sdef "/Applications/System Preferences.app" | sdp -fh --basename SBSystemPreferences -o ~/Desktop/SBSystemPreferences.h

将 SBSystemPreferences.h 标头添加到您的项目中，然后将 -openSpeechPrefs: 更改为以下内容：

- (IBAction)openSpeechPrefs:(id)sender {
    SBSystemPreferencesApplication *systemPrefs = 
    [SBApplication applicationWithBundleIdentifier:@"com.apple.systempreferences"];

    [systemPrefs activate];

    SBElementArray *panes = [systemPrefs panes];
    SBSystemPreferencesPane *speechPane = nil;

    for (SBSystemPreferencesPane *pane in panes) {
        if ([[pane id] isEqualToString:@"com.apple.preference.speech"]) {
            speechPane = pane;
            break;
        }
    }
    [systemPrefs setCurrentPane:speechPane];

    SBElementArray *anchors = [speechPane anchors];

    for (SBSystemPreferencesAnchor *anchor in anchors) {
        if ([anchor.name isEqualToString:@"TTS"]) {
            [anchor reveal];
        }
    }
}

编辑：

使用 ScriptingBridge.framework 方法的示例项目： http://github.com/NSGod/OpenSystemPrefsTTS

Answer 2

对于遇到我在评论中提到的相同问题的人，只需转到~/Desktop（因为我指定了这个位置），您就会看到SBSystemPreferences.h 已创建。

但是，在此标头中，缺少一些类声明。所以你必须明确地添加这个声明。

在我的例子中，“项目”类是未定义的。所以添加这个： @class SBSystemPreferencesItem;

然后编译一下，看看还缺少什么，需要添加哪个声明。

Answer 3

人们甚至可以在首选项窗格中选择特定的子项目。 这是在隐私窗格下选择相机的示例：

NSURL *URL = [NSURL URLWithString:@"x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.security?Privacy_Camera"];
[[NSWorkspace sharedWorkspace] openURL:URL];

一些功劳归于以下网站：https://macosxautomation.com/system-prefs-links.html

供参考的 URL 列表（*针对 macOS Big Sur & Catalina & Mojave 更新）：

Accessibility Preference Pane
Main    x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.universalaccess
Display x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.universalaccess?Seeing_Display
Zoom    x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.universalaccess?Seeing_Zoom
VoiceOver   x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.universalaccess?Seeing_VoiceOver
Descriptions    x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.universalaccess?Media_Descriptions
Captions    x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.universalaccess?Captioning
Audio   x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.universalaccess?Hearing
Keyboard    x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.universalaccess?Keyboard
Mouse & Trackpad    x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.universalaccess?Mouse
Switch Control  x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.universalaccess?Switch
Dictation   x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.universalaccess?SpeakableItems

Security & Privacy Preference Pane
Main    x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.security
General x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.security?General
FileVault   x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.security?FDE
Firewall    x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.security?Firewall
Advanced    x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.security?Advanced
Privacy x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.security?Privacy
Privacy-Camera x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.security?Privacy_Camera
Privacy-Microphone  x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.security?Privacy_Microphone
Privacy-Automation  x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.security?Privacy_Automation
Privacy-AllFiles    x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.security?Privacy_AllFiles
Privacy-Accessibility   x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.security?Privacy_Accessibility
Privacy-Assistive   x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.security?Privacy_Assistive
Privacy-Location Services   x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.security?Privacy_LocationServices
Privacy-SystemServices  x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.security?Privacy_SystemServices
Privacy-Advertising x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.security?Privacy_Advertising
Privacy-Contacts    x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.security?Privacy_Contacts
Privacy-Diagnostics & Usage x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.security?Privacy_Diagnostics
Privacy-Calendars   x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.security?Privacy_Calendars
Privacy-Reminders   x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.security?Privacy_Reminders
Privacy-Facebook    x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.security?Privacy_Facebook
Privacy-LinkedIn    x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.security?Privacy_LinkedIn
Privacy-Twitter x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.security?Privacy_Twitter
Privacy-Weibo   x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.security?Privacy_Weibo
Privacy-Tencent Weibo   x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.security?Privacy_TencentWeibo

macOS Catalina 10.15:
Privacy-ScreenCapture   x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.security?Privacy_ScreenCapture
Privacy-DevTools    x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.security?Privacy_DevTools
Privacy-InputMonitoring x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.security?Privacy_ListenEvent
Privacy-DesktopFolder   x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.security?Privacy_DesktopFolder
Privacy-DocumentsFolder x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.security?Privacy_DocumentsFolder
Privacy-DownloadsFolder x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.security?Privacy_DownloadsFolder
Privacy-NetworkVolume   x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.security?Privacy_NetworkVolume
Privacy-RemovableVolume x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.security?Privacy_RemovableVolume
Privacy-SpeechRecognition   x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.security?Privacy_SpeechRecognition
Privacy-DevTools    x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.security?Privacy_DevTools

macOS Big Sur 10.11/10.16:
Privacy-Bluetooth   x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.security?Privacy_Bluetooth
Privacy-Music   x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.security?Privacy_Media
Privacy-Home    x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.security?Privacy_HomeKit


Dictation & Speech Preference Pane
Dictation   x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.speech?Dictation
Text to Speech  x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preference.speech?TTS
Sharing Preference Pane
Main    x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preferences.sharing
Screen Sharing  x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preferences.sharing?Services_ScreenSharing
File Sharing    x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preferences.sharing?Services_PersonalFileSharing
Printer Sharing x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preferences.sharing?Services_PrinterSharing
Remote Login    x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preferences.sharing?Services_RemoteLogin
Remote Management   x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preferences.sharing?Services_ARDService
Remote Apple Events x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preferences.sharing?Services_RemoteAppleEvent
Internet Sharing    x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preferences.sharing?Internet
Bluetooth Sharing   x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preferences.sharing?Services_BluetoothSharing

Software update x-apple.systempreferences:com.apple.preferences.softwareupdate?client=softwareupdateapp

这一切都归功于在preferencePane 中的Info.plist + System Preferences.app 中的CFBundleURLTypes (CFBundleURLSchemes) x-apple.systempreferences (Info.plist) 中的键

NSPrefPaneAllowsXAppleSystemPreferencesURLScheme

从 10.15 开始，一些密钥位于 PrivacyTCCServices.plist (Security.prefPane) 中

从 10.14 Mojave 开始，一些隐私密钥不再存在。 Mojave隐私列表：

Catalina 隐私列表：