类如何从一个切换到另一个？

Question

看看这个问题底部的这段代码

这是一本关于学习python的书，我的问题特别是play方法如何使游戏切换到下一阶段（类）。它与每个类底部的 return 语句有关吗？我期待更像“Death.enter()”或“Map.scenes.get['death'].enter()”作为结束语句。 current_scene 简单地调用“central_corridor”地图类中的 opening_scene 方法时如何切换到下一个场景。我认为它几乎会一直停留在“central_corridor”上。还有一个场景类是不是一个好主意，会有什么样的代码？

编辑：现在添加了 while 循环缺少的代码行

from sys import exit
from random import randint


class Scene(object): #It's python3 but I'm used to this

    def enter(self):
        print("This scene is not yet configured." +
               "Subclass it and implement enter()")
        exit(1)


class Engine(object):

    def __init__(self, scene_map):
        self.scene_map = scene_map

    def play(self):
        current_scene = self.scene_map.opening_scene()

        while True:
            print('\n', '-' * 20)
            next_scene_name = current_scene.enter()
            current_scene = self.scene_map.next_scene(next_scene_name)

class Death(Scene):
    quips = [
        "You died. You kinda suck at this.",
        "Your mom would be so proud...if she were smarter",
        "Such a loser.",
        "I have a small puppy that's better at this"
    ]

    def enter(self):
        print(Death.quips[randint(0, len(self.quips)-1)])
        exit(1)

class CentralCorridor(Scene):

    def enter(self):
        print("""
        The Gothons of Planet Percal #25 have invaded your ship and destroyed
        your entire crew. You are the last surviving member and the last
        mission is to get the neutron destruct bomb from the Weapon Armory
        put it in the bridge, and blow the ship up after getting into
        an escape pod.
        \n
        You're running down the central corridor to the Weapons Armory when
        a Gothon jumps out, red scaly skin, dark grimy teeth, and evil clown
        costume flowing around his hate filled body. He's blocking the door to
        the armory and about to pull out a weapon to blast you
        """)

        action = input(">> ")

        if action == "shoot!":
            print("""
            Quick on the draw you yank out your blast and fire it at the Gothon.
            His clown costume is flowing and moving around his body, which throws
            off your aim. Your laser hits his costume but misses him entirely.
            This completely ruins his brand new costume his mother bought for him,
            which makes him fly into rage and blast you repeatedly in the face
            until you are dead, then he eats you
            """)
            return('death')

        elif action == "dodge!":
            print("""
            Like a world clas boxer, you dodge, weave, slip and slide to the right
            as the Gothon's blaster cranks a laser past your head.
            In the middle of your artful dodge yor foot slips and you bang your
            head on the metal wall and pass out. You wake up shortly after only
            to die as the Gothon stomps on your head and eats you.
            """)
            return('death')

        elif action == 'tell a joke':
            print("""
            Luck for you, they made you learn Gothn insults in the academy.
            You tell one Gothon joke you know:
            Lbhe zbgure vf fb sng, jura fur fvgf nebhaq gur ubhfr, fur fvgf nebhaq
            the Gothon stops, tries not to laugh, then bursts out laughing and can't move
            while he's laughing you run up and shoot him square in the head
            putting him down, then jump through the Weapon Armory door
            """)
            return('laser_weapon_armory')

        else:
            print("DOES NOT COMPUTE")
            return('central_corridor')

class LaserWeaponArmory(Scene):

    def enter(self):
        print("""
        You do a dive roll into the Weapon Armory, crouch and scan the room
        for more Gothons that might be hiding. It's dead quiet, too quiet.
        You stand up and run to the far side of the room and find the neutron
        bomb in its container. There's a keypad lock on the box and you need to
        get the bomb out. If you get the code wrong 10 times then the lock closes
        forever and you can't get the bomb. The code is 3 digits.
        """)
        code = "%d%d%d"%(randint(1,9), randint(1,9), randint(1,9))
        int(code)
        guess = int(input("[keypad]>> "))
        guesses = 0

        while guess != code and guesses < 10:
            print("BZZZEDDD!!")
            guess += 1
            guess = int(input("[keypad]>> "))

        if guess == code:
            print("""
            The container clicks open and the seal breaks, letting gas out
            You grab the neutron bomb and run as fast as you can to the bridge
            where you must place it in the right spot
            """)
            return('the_bridge')
        else:
            print("""
            The lock buzzes one last time and then you hear a sickening melting
            sound as the mechanism is fused together. You decide to sit there,
            and finally the Gothons blow up the ship from their ship and you died
            """)
            return('death')

class TheBridge(Scene):

    def enter(self):
        print("""
        You burst onto the bridge with the neutron destruct bomb under your arm
        and surprise 5 Gothons who are trying to take control of the ship. Each
        of them has an even uglier clown costume than the last. They haven't pulled
        out their weapons yet, as they see the active bomb under your hand and don't
        want to set it off.
        """)

        action = input(">> ")

        if action == "throw the bomb":
            print("""
            In a panic you throw the bomb at a group of Gothons and make a leap
            for the door. Right as you drop it a Gothon shoots you right in the
            back killing you. As you die you see another Gothon frantically try
            to disarm the bomb. You die knowing that they will probably blow up
            when the bomb goes off
            """)
            return('death')

        elif action == "slowly place the bomb":
            print("""
            You point your blaster at the bomb under your arm and the Gothons put
            their hands up and start to sweat. You inch backwards to the door,
            open it, and then carefully place the bomb on the floor, pointing your
            blaster at it. You then jump back through the door, punch the close
            button and blast the lock so the Gothons can't get out. Now that the
            bomb is placed you run to the escape pod to get off this tin can
            """)
            return('escape_pod')
        else:
            print('DOES NOT COMPUTE')
            return('the_bridge')

class EscapePod(Scene):

    def enter(self):
        print("""
        You rush through the shop desperately trying to make it to the escape pod
        before the whole ship explodes. It seems like harldy any Gothons are on the
        ship, so your run is clear of interference You get to the chamber with the
        escape pods, and now need to pick one to take. There's 5 pods which one do
        you take?
        """)

        good_pod = randint(1,5)
        guess = int(input("Pod Number>> "))

        if guess == good_pod:
            print("""
            You jump into pod %d and hit the eject button.
            The pod escapes out into the void of space, then
            implodes as the hull ruptures, crushing your body
            into jam jelly
            """%guess)
            return('death')

        else:
            print("""
            You jump into pod %d and hit the ejet button and the pod
            easily slides out into space heading to the planet below.
            As it flies to the planet, you look back and see your ship
            implode and then explode like a bright star, taking out the
            Gothon ship at the same time.
                               YOOUU WON!!
            """%guess)
            return('finished')



class Map(object):

    scenes = {
        'central_corridor': CentralCorridor(),
        'laser_weapon_armory': LaserWeaponArmory(),
        'the_bridge': TheBridge(),
        'escape_pod': EscapePod(),
        'death': Death()
    }

    def __init__(self, start_scene):
        self.start_scene = start_scene

    def next_scene(self, scene_name):
        return(Map.scenes.get(scene_name))

    def opening_scene(self):
        return(self.next_scene(self.start_scene))


a_map = Map('central_corridor')
a_game = Engine(a_map)
a_game.play()

Answer 1

在Scene 子类的大部分 中实现的enter() 方法（例如CentralCorridor、LaserWeaponArmory 等）根据人的动作返回以下场景的名称提示时输入。

这用于Engine.play() 方法中，用于在while 循环的每次迭代期间确定enter() 的下一个场景：

while True:
    print('\n', '-' * 20)
    next_scene_name = current_scene.enter()
    current_scene = self.scene_map.next_scene(next_scene_name)

这种情况一直持续到 Death 场景的 enter() 被调用，并且由于它调用 exit() 而不是像其他场景那样返回下一个场景值，因此会导致脚本终止。

Answer 2

td;lr current_scene = self.scene_map.next_scene(next_scene_name)

让我们看看这里有什么。我们有一个场景集合，每个场景都属于 Scene 类，它们都有输入方法（我们将使用这些方法来访问场景。

我们将这些场景收集在一个地图中（属于 Map 类）。地图还通过设置起始场景为我们可爱的游戏启动引擎。我们将在“走廊”开始游戏。

现在我们将如何连接这些美丽的场景？让我们使用一个while循环：

 while True:
        print('\n', '-' * 20)
        next_scene_name = current_scene.enter()
        current_scene = self.scene_map.next_scene(next_scene_name)

但是这是如何工作的呢？当当前场景的enter()方法完成时，我们收集下一个场景的名称。这里是next_scene_name = current_scene.enter()。 然后我们告诉我们的地图实例调用下一个场景，并将场景名称传递给它的next_scene() 方法。

当有更多场景需要迭代时，while 循环会收到 truthy 信号，从而继续为更多场景带来活力。但最后它会收到一个exit(1) 或stopIteration 形式的falsy 信号（因为没有更多场景可以迭代）。我们的游戏就这样结束了。