Rails has_many 通过带有命名空间模型的多态答案

【问题标题】：Rails has_many through polymorphic with namespaced modelsRails has_many 通过带有命名空间模型的多态
【发布时间】：2017-06-29 14:39:27
【问题描述】：

我的课程和迁移如下。不知道我做错了什么，我是否设置了错误的关联，或者我没有使用正确的属性/方法来返回我期望的记录。例如，如何获取account 的所有成员（super_admin_users、admin_users 和 standard_users）的列表？在 Rails 控制台中，如果我尝试Accounts::Account.first.users_account_members，我会得到以下信息：

2.4.0 :003 > Accounts::Account.first.users_account_members
Accounts::Account Load (0.6ms)  SELECT  "accounts_accounts".* FROM "accounts_accounts" ORDER BY "accounts_accounts"."id" ASC LIMIT $1  [["LIMIT", 1]]
NoMethodError: undefined method `users_account_members' for #<Accounts::Account:0x007fcb10cce7b8>

如果我尝试Accounts::Account.first.users_super_admin_users，我会得到以下信息：

2.4.0 :004 > Accounts::Account.first.users_super_admin_users
Accounts::Account Load (0.6ms)  SELECT  "accounts_accounts".* FROM "accounts_accounts" ORDER BY "accounts_accounts"."id" ASC LIMIT $1  [["LIMIT", 1]]
ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid: PG::UndefinedColumn: ERROR:  column accounts_account_memberships.accounts_account_type does not exist

在哪里，通过寻找 accounts_account_memberships.accounts_account_type，它似乎表现得好像关联的 accounts_account 侧是多态的，而只有用户侧是多态的。

另外，相反，我如何获得所有accounts 的列表，特定super_admin_user（或admin_user，或standard_user）是其成员？

这是我的类与关联及其迁移：

app/models/accounts/account.rb

module Accounts
  class Account < ActiveRecord::Base

    self.table_name = 'accounts_accounts'

    belongs_to :users_account_owner, class_name: 'Users::SuperAdminUser', inverse_of: :accounts_owned_accounts
    accepts_nested_attributes_for :users_account_owner

    has_many :accounts_account_memberships, class_name: 'Accounts::AccountMembership', as: :accounts_account, dependent: :destroy
    has_many :users_super_admin_users, through: :accounts_account_memberships, source: :users_account_member, source_type: 'Users::SuperAdminUser'
    has_many :users_admin_users,       through: :accounts_account_memberships, source: :users_account_member, source_type: 'Users::AdminUser'
    has_many :users_standard_users,    through: :accounts_account_memberships, source: :users_account_member, source_type: 'Users::StandardUser'

  end
end

app/models/users/super_admin_user.rb

module Users
  class SuperAdminUser < ApplicationRecord

    self.table_name = 'users_super_admin_users'

    has_many :accounts_owned_accounts, class_name: 'Accounts::Account', inverse_of: :users_account_owner, foreign_key: :users_account_owner_id

    has_many :accounts_account_memberships, class_name: 'Accounts::AccountMembership', as: :users_account_member, dependent: :destroy
    has_many :accounts_accounts, through: :accounts_account_memberships, source: 'Accounts::Account'

  end
end

app/models/users/admin_user.rb

module Users
  class AdminUser < ApplicationRecord

    self.table_name = 'users_admin_users'

    has_many :accounts_account_memberships, class_name: 'Accounts::AccountMembership', as: :users_account_member, dependent: :destroy
    has_many :accounts_accounts, through: :accounts_account_memberships, source: 'Accounts::Account'

  end
end

app/models/users/standard_user.rb

module Users
  class StandardUser < ApplicationRecord

    self.table_name = 'users_standard_users'

    has_many :accounts_account_memberships, class_name: 'Accounts::AccountMembership', as: :users_account_member, dependent: :destroy
    has_many :accounts_accounts, through: :accounts_account_memberships, source: 'Accounts::Account'

  end
end

app/models/accounts/account_membership.rb

module Accounts
  class AccountMembership < ActiveRecord::Base

    self.table_name = 'accounts_account_memberships'

    belongs_to :accounts_account, class_name: 'Accounts::Account', inverse_of: :accounts_account_memberships
    belongs_to :users_account_member, polymorphic: true

  end
end

db/migrate/20170203001000_create_users_super_admin_user.rb

class CreateUsersSuperAdminUser < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.0]
  def change
    create_table :users_super_admin_users do |t|

      t.string :email, index: { unique: true }
      t.string :first_name
      t.string :last_name
      t.string :username, index: { unique: true }

      t.timestamps null: false

    end
  end
end

db/migrate/20170203001100_create_users_admin_user.rb

class CreateUsersAdminUser < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.0]
  def change
    create_table :users_admin_users do |t|

      t.string :email, index: { unique: true }
      t.string :first_name
      t.string :last_name
      t.string :username, index: { unique: true }

      t.timestamps null: false

    end
  end
end

db/migrate/20170203001200_create_users_standard_user.rb

class CreateUsersStandardUser < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.0]
  def change
    create_table :users_standard_users do |t|

      t.string :email, index: { unique: true }
      t.string :first_name
      t.string :last_name
      t.string :username, index: { unique: true }

      t.timestamps null: false

    end
  end
end

db/migrate/20170204001000_create_accounts_account.rb

class CreateAccountsAccount < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.0]
  def change
    create_table :accounts_accounts do |t|

      t.string :name, index: { unique: true }

      t.references :users_account_owner, index: true, foreign_key: { to_table: :users_super_admin_users }

      t.timestamps null: false

    end
  end
end

db/migrate/20170204001100_create_accounts_account_membership.rb

class CreateAccountsAccountMembership < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.0]
  def change
    create_table :accounts_account_memberships do |t|

      t.references :accounts_account, index: { name: 'index_accts_acct_mbrships_on_accts_acct_id' }
      t.references :users_account_member, polymorphic: true, index: { name: 'index_accts_acct_mbrships_on_users_acct_member_type_and_id' }

      t.timestamps null: false

    end
  end
end

【问题讨论】：

标签： ruby-on-rails ruby namespaces has-many-through polymorphic-associations

【解决方案1】：

要使用这种多态关联，您必须在 AccountMembership 模型中声明一个类型列。

像这样：

class AddAccountsAccountTypeToAccountsAccountMemberships < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.0]
  def change
    add_column :accounts_account_memberships, :accounts_account_type, :string
  end
end

如果我理解正确，要获得所有成员的列表，您必须使用 Accounts::Account.first.accounts_account_memberships 而不是 Accounts::Account.first.users_account_members

要获取所有 accounts 的列表，特定的 standard_user 您应该调用类似 Users::StandardUser.first.accounts_accounts 的名称

【讨论】：

感谢您的快速回复。我添加了您建议的列并取得了一些进展，即我不再收到有关accounts_account_type的错误，但它仍然没有返回记录。我也没有看到accounts_account_type 是如何需要的，因为关联的accounts_account 端不是多态的。我怀疑我的问题与命名空间中的模型有关，而这似乎确实是问题所在。请参阅我的解决方案，现在似乎可以按预期工作。

【解决方案2】：

所以，这个关联的复杂之处在于我对命名空间的使用，而且解决方案似乎相对简单——主要是在关联的accounts_account 一侧添加一个foreign_key: 选项。

我使用这个源作为起点：http://joeswann.co.nz/rails-4-has_many-polymorphic-relationships，Article 适应每个用户类型（Users::SuperAdminUser、Users::AdminUser 和 Users::StandardUser），Tag 适应 Accounts::Account和TagTarget 适应Accounts::AccountMembership。然后，我在需要容纳类的名称空间的地方添加了class_name: 和foreign_key: 选项。

此外，我在Accounts::Account 类中添加了一个实例方法users_account_members，以支持检索所有用户类型的帐户成员。我想如果不添加此方法就无法检索所有用户类型的所有帐户成员，我想知道诸如此类的多态关系的意义/好处是什么。似乎我可以通过 Accounts::Account 和每个用户类型之间的单独 has_many 关系来实现相同的目标。

修改后的类如下所示（迁移没有变化）：

module Accounts
  class Account < ApplicationRecord
    has_many :accounts_account_memberships, class_name: 'Accounts::AccountMembership', dependent: :destroy, foreign_key: :accounts_account_id
    has_many :users_super_admin_users, through: :accounts_account_memberships, source: :users_account_member, source_type: "Users::SuperAdminUser"
    has_many :users_admin_users,       through: :accounts_account_memberships, source: :users_account_member, source_type: "Users::AdminUser"
    has_many :users_standard_users,    through: :accounts_account_memberships, source: :users_account_member, source_type: "Users::StandardUser"

    def users_account_members
      self.users_super_admin_users + self.users_admin_users + self.users_standard_users
    end
  end
end

module Accounts
  class AccountMembership < ApplicationRecord
    belongs_to :accounts_account, class_name: 'Accounts::Account'
    belongs_to :users_account_member, polymorphic: true
  end
end

module Users
  class SuperAdminUser < ApplicationRecord
    has_many :accounts_account_memberships, class_name: 'Accounts::AccountMembership', as: :users_account_member, dependent: :destroy
    has_many :accounts_accounts, through: :accounts_account_memberships, as: :users_account_member
  end
end

module Users
  class AdminUser < ApplicationRecord
    has_many :accounts_account_memberships, class_name: 'Accounts::AccountMembership', as: :users_account_member, dependent: :destroy
    has_many :accounts_accounts, through: :accounts_account_memberships, as: :users_account_member
  end
end

module Users
  class StandardUser < ApplicationRecord
    has_many :accounts_account_memberships, class_name: 'Accounts::AccountMembership', as: :users_account_member, dependent: :destroy
    has_many :accounts_accounts, through: :accounts_account_memberships, as: :users_account_member
  end
end

通过这些更改，Rails 控制台中的响应现在是（注意：数据库种子文件显示在控制台输出下方）：

    2.4.0 :001 > Accounts::Account.first.users_account_owner
Accounts::Account Load (0.8ms)  SELECT  "accounts_accounts".* FROM "accounts_accounts" ORDER BY "accounts_accounts"."id" ASC LIMIT $1  [["LIMIT", 1]]
Users::SuperAdminUser Load (0.5ms)  SELECT  "users_super_admin_users".* FROM "users_super_admin_users" WHERE "users_super_admin_users"."id" = $1 LIMIT $2  [["id", 1], ["LIMIT", 1]]
=> #<Users::SuperAdminUser id: 1, email: "garnold0@spotify.com", first_name: "Gregory", last_name: "Arnold", username: "garnold0", created_at: "2017-02-11 21:01:57", updated_at: "2017-02-11 21:01:57"> 

    2.4.0 :002 > Users::SuperAdminUser.first.accounts_owned_accounts
Users::SuperAdminUser Load (0.4ms)  SELECT  "users_super_admin_users".* FROM "users_super_admin_users" ORDER BY "users_super_admin_users"."id" ASC LIMIT $1  [["LIMIT", 1]]
Accounts::Account Load (0.4ms)  SELECT "accounts_accounts".* FROM "accounts_accounts" WHERE "accounts_accounts"."users_account_owner_id" = $1  [["users_account_owner_id", 1]]
=> #<ActiveRecord::Associations::CollectionProxy [#<Accounts::Account id: 1, name: "Ooba", users_account_owner_id: 1, created_at: "2017-02-11 21:01:57", updated_at: "2017-02-11 21:01:57">]> 

    2.4.0 :003 > Accounts::Account.first.users_super_admin_users
Accounts::Account Load (0.6ms)  SELECT  "accounts_accounts".* FROM "accounts_accounts" ORDER BY "accounts_accounts"."id" ASC LIMIT $1  [["LIMIT", 1]]
Users::SuperAdminUser Load (0.8ms)  SELECT "users_super_admin_users".* FROM "users_super_admin_users" INNER JOIN "accounts_account_memberships" ON "users_super_admin_users"."id" = "accounts_account_memberships"."users_account_member_id" WHERE "accounts_account_memberships"."accounts_account_id" = $1 AND "accounts_account_memberships"."users_account_member_type" = $2  [["accounts_account_id", 1], ["users_account_member_type", "Users::SuperAdminUser"]]
=> #<ActiveRecord::Associations::CollectionProxy [#<Users::SuperAdminUser id: 1, email: "garnold0@spotify.com", first_name: "Gregory", last_name: "Arnold", username: "garnold0", created_at: "2017-02-11 21:01:57", updated_at: "2017-02-11 21:01:57">, #<Users::SuperAdminUser id: 6, email: "ncruz5@huffingtonpost.com", first_name: "Nicole", last_name: "Cruz", username: "ncruz5", created_at: "2017-02-11 21:01:57", updated_at: "2017-02-11 21:01:57">]> 

    2.4.0 :004 > Accounts::Account.first.users_admin_users
Accounts::Account Load (0.6ms)  SELECT  "accounts_accounts".* FROM "accounts_accounts" ORDER BY "accounts_accounts"."id" ASC LIMIT $1  [["LIMIT", 1]]
Users::AdminUser Load (0.8ms)  SELECT "users_admin_users".* FROM "users_admin_users" INNER JOIN "accounts_account_memberships" ON "users_admin_users"."id" = "accounts_account_memberships"."users_account_member_id" WHERE "accounts_account_memberships"."accounts_account_id" = $1 AND "accounts_account_memberships"."users_account_member_type" = $2  [["accounts_account_id", 1], ["users_account_member_type", "Users::AdminUser"]]
=> #<ActiveRecord::Associations::CollectionProxy [#<Users::AdminUser id: 4, email: "hlaned@whitehouse.gov", first_name: "Henry", last_name: "Lane", username: "hlaned", created_at: "2017-02-11 21:01:57", updated_at: "2017-02-11 21:01:57">, #<Users::AdminUser id: 9, email: "rharveyi@tripadvisor.com", first_name: "Raymond", last_name: "Harvey", username: "rharveyi", created_at: "2017-02-11 21:01:57", updated_at: "2017-02-11 21:01:57">]> 

    2.4.0 :005 > Accounts::Account.first.users_standard_users
Accounts::Account Load (0.4ms)  SELECT  "accounts_accounts".* FROM "accounts_accounts" ORDER BY "accounts_accounts"."id" ASC LIMIT $1  [["LIMIT", 1]]
Users::StandardUser Load (0.7ms)  SELECT "users_standard_users".* FROM "users_standard_users" INNER JOIN "accounts_account_memberships" ON "users_standard_users"."id" = "accounts_account_memberships"."users_account_member_id" WHERE "accounts_account_memberships"."accounts_account_id" = $1 AND "accounts_account_memberships"."users_account_member_type" = $2  [["accounts_account_id", 1], ["users_account_member_type", "Users::StandardUser"]]
=> #<ActiveRecord::Associations::CollectionProxy [#<Users::StandardUser id: 2, email: "ghamiltonl@sciencedirect.com", first_name: "Gary", last_name: "Hamilton", username: "ghamiltonl", created_at: "2017-02-11 21:01:57", updated_at: "2017-02-11 21:01:57">, #<Users::StandardUser id: 7, email: "jkellyq@alexa.com", first_name: "Jonathan", last_name: "Kelly", username: "jkellyq", created_at: "2017-02-11 21:01:57", updated_at: "2017-02-11 21:01:57">]> 

    2.4.0 :006 > Accounts::Account.first.users_account_members
Accounts::Account Load (0.6ms)  SELECT  "accounts_accounts".* FROM "accounts_accounts" ORDER BY "accounts_accounts"."id" ASC LIMIT $1  [["LIMIT", 1]]
Users::SuperAdminUser Load (0.7ms)  SELECT "users_super_admin_users".* FROM "users_super_admin_users" INNER JOIN "accounts_account_memberships" ON "users_super_admin_users"."id" = "accounts_account_memberships"."users_account_member_id" WHERE "accounts_account_memberships"."accounts_account_id" = $1 AND "accounts_account_memberships"."users_account_member_type" = $2  [["accounts_account_id", 1], ["users_account_member_type", "Users::SuperAdminUser"]]
Users::AdminUser Load (0.6ms)  SELECT "users_admin_users".* FROM "users_admin_users" INNER JOIN "accounts_account_memberships" ON "users_admin_users"."id" = "accounts_account_memberships"."users_account_member_id" WHERE "accounts_account_memberships"."accounts_account_id" = $1 AND "accounts_account_memberships"."users_account_member_type" = $2  [["accounts_account_id", 1], ["users_account_member_type", "Users::AdminUser"]]
Users::StandardUser Load (0.7ms)  SELECT "users_standard_users".* FROM "users_standard_users" INNER JOIN "accounts_account_memberships" ON "users_standard_users"."id" = "accounts_account_memberships"."users_account_member_id" WHERE "accounts_account_memberships"."accounts_account_id" = $1 AND "accounts_account_memberships"."users_account_member_type" = $2  [["accounts_account_id", 1], ["users_account_member_type", "Users::StandardUser"]]
=> [#<Users::SuperAdminUser id: 1, email: "garnold0@spotify.com", first_name: "Gregory", last_name: "Arnold", username: "garnold0", created_at: "2017-02-11 21:01:57", updated_at: "2017-02-11 21:01:57">, #<Users::SuperAdminUser id: 6, email: "ncruz5@huffingtonpost.com", first_name: "Nicole", last_name: "Cruz", username: "ncruz5", created_at: "2017-02-11 21:01:57", updated_at: "2017-02-11 21:01:57">, #<Users::AdminUser id: 4, email: "hlaned@whitehouse.gov", first_name: "Henry", last_name: "Lane", username: "hlaned", created_at: "2017-02-11 21:01:57", updated_at: "2017-02-11 21:01:57">, #<Users::AdminUser id: 9, email: "rharveyi@tripadvisor.com", first_name: "Raymond", last_name: "Harvey", username: "rharveyi", created_at: "2017-02-11 21:01:57", updated_at: "2017-02-11 21:01:57">, #<Users::StandardUser id: 2, email: "ghamiltonl@sciencedirect.com", first_name: "Gary", last_name: "Hamilton", username: "ghamiltonl", created_at: "2017-02-11 21:01:57", updated_at: "2017-02-11 21:01:57">, #<Users::StandardUser id: 7, email: "jkellyq@alexa.com", first_name: "Jonathan", last_name: "Kelly", username: "jkellyq", created_at: "2017-02-11 21:01:57", updated_at: "2017-02-11 21:01:57">] 

    2.4.0 :007 > Users::SuperAdminUser.first.accounts_accounts
Users::SuperAdminUser Load (0.6ms)  SELECT  "users_super_admin_users".* FROM "users_super_admin_users" ORDER BY "users_super_admin_users"."id" ASC LIMIT $1  [["LIMIT", 1]]
Accounts::Account Load (0.8ms)  SELECT "accounts_accounts".* FROM "accounts_accounts" INNER JOIN "accounts_account_memberships" ON "accounts_accounts"."id" = "accounts_account_memberships"."accounts_account_id" WHERE "accounts_account_memberships"."users_account_member_id" = $1 AND "accounts_account_memberships"."users_account_member_type" = $2  [["users_account_member_id", 1], ["users_account_member_type", "Users::SuperAdminUser"]]
=> #<ActiveRecord::Associations::CollectionProxy [#<Accounts::Account id: 1, name: "Ooba", users_account_owner_id: 1, created_at: "2017-02-11 21:01:57", updated_at: "2017-02-11 21:01:57">]> 

    2.4.0 :008 > Users::SuperAdminUser.second.accounts_accounts
Users::SuperAdminUser Load (0.4ms)  SELECT  "users_super_admin_users".* FROM "users_super_admin_users" ORDER BY "users_super_admin_users"."id" ASC LIMIT $1 OFFSET $2  [["LIMIT", 1], ["OFFSET", 1]]
Accounts::Account Load (0.7ms)  SELECT "accounts_accounts".* FROM "accounts_accounts" INNER JOIN "accounts_account_memberships" ON "accounts_accounts"."id" = "accounts_account_memberships"."accounts_account_id" WHERE "accounts_account_memberships"."users_account_member_id" = $1 AND "accounts_account_memberships"."users_account_member_type" = $2  [["users_account_member_id", 2], ["users_account_member_type", "Users::SuperAdminUser"]]
=> #<ActiveRecord::Associations::CollectionProxy [#<Accounts::Account id: 4, name: "Brainsphere", users_account_owner_id: 4, created_at: "2017-02-11 21:01:57", updated_at: "2017-02-11 21:01:57">]> 

    2.4.0 :009 > Users::AdminUser.first.accounts_accounts
Users::AdminUser Load (0.4ms)  SELECT  "users_admin_users".* FROM "users_admin_users" ORDER BY "users_admin_users"."id" ASC LIMIT $1  [["LIMIT", 1]]
Accounts::Account Load (0.6ms)  SELECT "accounts_accounts".* FROM "accounts_accounts" INNER JOIN "accounts_account_memberships" ON "accounts_accounts"."id" = "accounts_account_memberships"."accounts_account_id" WHERE "accounts_account_memberships"."users_account_member_id" = $1 AND "accounts_account_memberships"."users_account_member_type" = $2  [["users_account_member_id", 1], ["users_account_member_type", "Users::AdminUser"]]
=> #<ActiveRecord::Associations::CollectionProxy [#<Accounts::Account id: 2, name: "Avamba", users_account_owner_id: 2, created_at: "2017-02-11 21:01:57", updated_at: "2017-02-11 21:01:57">]> 

    2.4.0 :010 > Users::AdminUser.second.accounts_accounts
Users::AdminUser Load (0.5ms)  SELECT  "users_admin_users".* FROM "users_admin_users" ORDER BY "users_admin_users"."id" ASC LIMIT $1 OFFSET $2  [["LIMIT", 1], ["OFFSET", 1]]
Accounts::Account Load (0.7ms)  SELECT "accounts_accounts".* FROM "accounts_accounts" INNER JOIN "accounts_account_memberships" ON "accounts_accounts"."id" = "accounts_account_memberships"."accounts_account_id" WHERE "accounts_account_memberships"."users_account_member_id" = $1 AND "accounts_account_memberships"."users_account_member_type" = $2  [["users_account_member_id", 2], ["users_account_member_type", "Users::AdminUser"]]
=> #<ActiveRecord::Associations::CollectionProxy [#<Accounts::Account id: 5, name: "Wordtune", users_account_owner_id: 5, created_at: "2017-02-11 21:01:57", updated_at: "2017-02-11 21:01:57">]> 

    2.4.0 :011 > Users::StandardUser.first.accounts_accounts
Users::StandardUser Load (0.5ms)  SELECT  "users_standard_users".* FROM "users_standard_users" ORDER BY "users_standard_users"."id" ASC LIMIT $1  [["LIMIT", 1]]
Accounts::Account Load (0.7ms)  SELECT "accounts_accounts".* FROM "accounts_accounts" INNER JOIN "accounts_account_memberships" ON "accounts_accounts"."id" = "accounts_account_memberships"."accounts_account_id" WHERE "accounts_account_memberships"."users_account_member_id" = $1 AND "accounts_account_memberships"."users_account_member_type" = $2  [["users_account_member_id", 1], ["users_account_member_type", "Users::StandardUser"]]
=> #<ActiveRecord::Associations::CollectionProxy [#<Accounts::Account id: 3, name: "Linktype", users_account_owner_id: 3, created_at: "2017-02-11 21:01:57", updated_at: "2017-02-11 21:01:57">]> 

    2.4.0 :012 > Users::StandardUser.second.accounts_accounts
Users::StandardUser Load (0.4ms)  SELECT  "users_standard_users".* FROM "users_standard_users" ORDER BY "users_standard_users"."id" ASC LIMIT $1 OFFSET $2  [["LIMIT", 1], ["OFFSET", 1]]
Accounts::Account Load (0.6ms)  SELECT "accounts_accounts".* FROM "accounts_accounts" INNER JOIN "accounts_account_memberships" ON "accounts_accounts"."id" = "accounts_account_memberships"."accounts_account_id" WHERE "accounts_account_memberships"."users_account_member_id" = $1 AND "accounts_account_memberships"."users_account_member_type" = $2  [["users_account_member_id", 2], ["users_account_member_type", "Users::StandardUser"]]
=> #<ActiveRecord::Associations::CollectionProxy [#<Accounts::Account id: 1, name: "Ooba", users_account_owner_id: 1, created_at: "2017-02-11 21:01:57", updated_at: "2017-02-11 21:01:57">]>

db/seeds.rb

Users::SuperAdminUser.create(email: 'garnold0@spotify.com',      first_name: 'Gregory', last_name: 'Arnold',   username: 'garnold0')
Users::SuperAdminUser.create(email: 'lsanders1@time.com',        first_name: 'Lisa',    last_name: 'Sanders',  username: 'lsanders1')
Users::SuperAdminUser.create(email: 'ssanders2@ucsd.edu',        first_name: 'Scott',   last_name: 'Sanders',  username: 'ssanders2')
Users::SuperAdminUser.create(email: 'aroberts3@g.co',            first_name: 'Anthony', last_name: 'Roberts',  username: 'aroberts3')
Users::SuperAdminUser.create(email: 'probinson4@bandcamp.com',   first_name: 'Paula',   last_name: 'Robinson', username: 'probinson4')
Users::SuperAdminUser.create(email: 'ncruz5@huffingtonpost.com', first_name: 'Nicole',  last_name: 'Cruz',     username: 'ncruz5')
Users::SuperAdminUser.create(email: 'gandrews6@cyberchimps.com', first_name: 'George',  last_name: 'Andrews',  username: 'gandrews6')
Users::SuperAdminUser.create(email: 'nwilson7@deviantart.com',   first_name: 'Nicole',  last_name: 'Wilson',   username: 'nwilson7')
Users::SuperAdminUser.create(email: 'aedwards8@qq.com',          first_name: 'Anne',    last_name: 'Edwards',  username: 'aedwards8')
Users::SuperAdminUser.create(email: 'rdavis9@geocities.jp',      first_name: 'Ronald',  last_name: 'Davis',    username: 'rdavis9')

Users::AdminUser.create(email: 'lhawkinsa@icio.us',            first_name: 'Lisa',    last_name: 'Hawkins',  username: 'lhawkinsa')
Users::AdminUser.create(email: 'htaylorb@imdb.com',            first_name: 'Helen',   last_name: 'Taylor',   username: 'htaylorb')
Users::AdminUser.create(email: 'gtaylorc@unblog.fr',           first_name: 'Gregory', last_name: 'Taylor',   username: 'gtaylorc')
Users::AdminUser.create(email: 'hlaned@whitehouse.gov',        first_name: 'Henry',   last_name: 'Lane',     username: 'hlaned')
Users::AdminUser.create(email: 'hphillipse@howstuffworks.com', first_name: 'Harry',   last_name: 'Phillips', username: 'hphillipse')
Users::AdminUser.create(email: 'jgonzalesf@com.com',           first_name: 'Jeffrey', last_name: 'Gonzales', username: 'jgonzalesf')
Users::AdminUser.create(email: 'ljamesg@sfgate.com',           first_name: 'Lori',    last_name: 'James',    username: 'ljamesg')
Users::AdminUser.create(email: 'rhillh@gnu.org',               first_name: 'Roger',   last_name: 'Hill',     username: 'rhillh')
Users::AdminUser.create(email: 'rharveyi@tripadvisor.com',     first_name: 'Raymond', last_name: 'Harvey',   username: 'rharveyi')
Users::AdminUser.create(email: 'sperryj@mit.edu',              first_name: 'Stephen', last_name: 'Perry',    username: 'sperryj')

Users::StandardUser.create(email: 'mblackk@prnewswire.com',       first_name: 'Michelle',   last_name: 'Black',     username: 'mblackk')
Users::StandardUser.create(email: 'ghamiltonl@sciencedirect.com', first_name: 'Gary',       last_name: 'Hamilton',  username: 'ghamiltonl')
Users::StandardUser.create(email: 'cgraym@about.com',             first_name: 'Chris',      last_name: 'Gray',      username: 'cgraym')
Users::StandardUser.create(email: 'jbradleyn@wikispaces.com',     first_name: 'Jacqueline', last_name: 'Bradley',   username: 'jbradleyn')
Users::StandardUser.create(email: 'jpayneo@netscape.com',         first_name: 'Joseph',     last_name: 'Payne',     username: 'jpayneo')
Users::StandardUser.create(email: 'drodriguezp@apache.org',       first_name: 'Debra',      last_name: 'Rodriguez', username: 'drodriguezp')
Users::StandardUser.create(email: 'jkellyq@alexa.com',            first_name: 'Jonathan',   last_name: 'Kelly',     username: 'jkellyq')
Users::StandardUser.create(email: 'creynoldsr@wired.com',         first_name: 'Cheryl',     last_name: 'Reynolds',  username: 'creynoldsr')
Users::StandardUser.create(email: 'kbarness@pbs.org',             first_name: 'Kathleen',   last_name: 'Barnes',    username: 'kbarness')
Users::StandardUser.create(email: 'ahansent@chron.com',           first_name: 'Annie',      last_name: 'Hansen',    username: 'ahansent')

Accounts::Account.create(name: 'Ooba',        users_account_owner_id: 1)
Accounts::Account.create(name: 'Avamba',      users_account_owner_id: 2)
Accounts::Account.create(name: 'Linktype',    users_account_owner_id: 3)
Accounts::Account.create(name: 'Brainsphere', users_account_owner_id: 4)
Accounts::Account.create(name: 'Wordtune',    users_account_owner_id: 5)

Accounts::AccountMembership.create(accounts_account_id: 1, users_account_member_type: 'Users::SuperAdminUser', users_account_member_id: 1)
Accounts::AccountMembership.create(accounts_account_id: 2, users_account_member_type: 'Users::AdminUser',      users_account_member_id: 1)
Accounts::AccountMembership.create(accounts_account_id: 3, users_account_member_type: 'Users::StandardUser',   users_account_member_id: 1)
Accounts::AccountMembership.create(accounts_account_id: 4, users_account_member_type: 'Users::SuperAdminUser', users_account_member_id: 2)
Accounts::AccountMembership.create(accounts_account_id: 5, users_account_member_type: 'Users::AdminUser',      users_account_member_id: 2)
Accounts::AccountMembership.create(accounts_account_id: 1, users_account_member_type: 'Users::StandardUser',   users_account_member_id: 2)
Accounts::AccountMembership.create(accounts_account_id: 2, users_account_member_type: 'Users::SuperAdminUser', users_account_member_id: 3)
Accounts::AccountMembership.create(accounts_account_id: 3, users_account_member_type: 'Users::AdminUser',      users_account_member_id: 3)
Accounts::AccountMembership.create(accounts_account_id: 4, users_account_member_type: 'Users::StandardUser',   users_account_member_id: 3)
Accounts::AccountMembership.create(accounts_account_id: 5, users_account_member_type: 'Users::SuperAdminUser', users_account_member_id: 4)
Accounts::AccountMembership.create(accounts_account_id: 1, users_account_member_type: 'Users::AdminUser',      users_account_member_id: 4)
Accounts::AccountMembership.create(accounts_account_id: 2, users_account_member_type: 'Users::StandardUser',   users_account_member_id: 4)
Accounts::AccountMembership.create(accounts_account_id: 3, users_account_member_type: 'Users::SuperAdminUser', users_account_member_id: 5)
Accounts::AccountMembership.create(accounts_account_id: 4, users_account_member_type: 'Users::AdminUser',      users_account_member_id: 5)
Accounts::AccountMembership.create(accounts_account_id: 5, users_account_member_type: 'Users::StandardUser',   users_account_member_id: 5)
Accounts::AccountMembership.create(accounts_account_id: 1, users_account_member_type: 'Users::SuperAdminUser', users_account_member_id: 6)
Accounts::AccountMembership.create(accounts_account_id: 2, users_account_member_type: 'Users::AdminUser',      users_account_member_id: 6)
Accounts::AccountMembership.create(accounts_account_id: 3, users_account_member_type: 'Users::StandardUser',   users_account_member_id: 6)
Accounts::AccountMembership.create(accounts_account_id: 4, users_account_member_type: 'Users::SuperAdminUser', users_account_member_id: 7)
Accounts::AccountMembership.create(accounts_account_id: 5, users_account_member_type: 'Users::AdminUser',      users_account_member_id: 7)
Accounts::AccountMembership.create(accounts_account_id: 1, users_account_member_type: 'Users::StandardUser',   users_account_member_id: 7)
Accounts::AccountMembership.create(accounts_account_id: 2, users_account_member_type: 'Users::SuperAdminUser', users_account_member_id: 8)
Accounts::AccountMembership.create(accounts_account_id: 3, users_account_member_type: 'Users::AdminUser',      users_account_member_id: 8)
Accounts::AccountMembership.create(accounts_account_id: 4, users_account_member_type: 'Users::StandardUser',   users_account_member_id: 8)
Accounts::AccountMembership.create(accounts_account_id: 5, users_account_member_type: 'Users::SuperAdminUser', users_account_member_id: 9)
Accounts::AccountMembership.create(accounts_account_id: 1, users_account_member_type: 'Users::AdminUser',      users_account_member_id: 9)
Accounts::AccountMembership.create(accounts_account_id: 2, users_account_member_type: 'Users::StandardUser',   users_account_member_id: 9)
Accounts::AccountMembership.create(accounts_account_id: 3, users_account_member_type: 'Users::SuperAdminUser', users_account_member_id: 10)
Accounts::AccountMembership.create(accounts_account_id: 4, users_account_member_type: 'Users::AdminUser',      users_account_member_id: 10)
Accounts::AccountMembership.create(accounts_account_id: 5, users_account_member_type: 'Users::StandardUser',   users_account_member_id: 10)

【讨论】：