我怎样才能让我的函数运行得更快？

Question

大家好，我正在解决问题我对我的第一个函数进行了很多更改以达到时间限制

但这真的是我最后的想法，我不知道如何让它比现在更快

from timeit import default_timer as timer
from datetime import timedelta

start = timer()

testList = ['hello']
wordList = ['hello','helloetttttttttttttttttttttttttwersdfffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffavvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvqwewqe','helloetttttttttttttttttttttttttwersdfffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffavvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvqwewqe','helloetttttttttttttttttttttttttwersdfffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffavvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvqwewqe','helloetttttttttttttttttttttttttwersdfffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffavvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvqwewqe','helloetttttttttttttttttttttttttwersdfffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffavvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvqwewqe']
def words_with_given_shape(words,shape):
    itemList = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'
    def wordShape(word):
        tempS = []
        termil = len(word)-1
        
        for inx,elem in enumerate(word):
            orderAl = itemList.index(elem)
            if inx < termil:
                orderNl = itemList.find(word[inx+1])
                if orderAl > orderNl:
                    tempS.append(-1)
                if orderAl < orderNl:
                    tempS.append(1)
                if orderNl == orderAl:
                    tempS.append(0) 
        return tempS
    def checkWord(words):
        res = []
        for i in words:
            if wordShape(i)==shape:
                res.append(i)
        return res
    return checkWord(words)
print(words_with_given_shape(wordList,  [-1, 1, 0, 1,1,1,-1]))
print(words_with_given_shape(wordList,  [-1, 1, 0, 1]))
print(words_with_given_shape(wordList,  [-1, 1]))
print(words_with_given_shape(wordList,  [-1, 1, 0, 1,1, 0, 1,-1,1]))
print(words_with_given_shape(testList,  [-1, 1, 0, 1]))
end = timer()
print(timedelta(seconds=end-start))

这次它给了我 0:00:00.001272

但似乎测试人员需要比这更快，因为在测试 12 时由于执行时间限制而失败

那么基本上你能指导我使 words_with_given_shape 函数更加优化吗？

*** 编辑***： 我忘了说问题是它给出了单词列表和单词的形状 形状就像 [0,1,1,-1] 这意味着 0当量 1 个字符在当前字符之后，按字母顺序排列 -1 个字符在当前字符之前，按字母顺序排列

所以你好 它的 [-1, 1, 0, 1]

答案是找到单词列表中所有形状与形状 arg 相同的单词

Answer 1

试试这个：

def words_with_given_shape(words, shape):
    return [word for word in words
            if (len(shape) == len(word) - 1 and
                all(c1 == c2 if s == 0 else (c1 > c2 if s == -1 else c1 < c2)
                    for c1, c2, s in zip(word[:-1], word[1:], shape)))]

它更紧凑（只有一行），并且您不需要生成每个单词的形状（在这种情况下没有用，因为您可以使用提供的）！

Answer 2

通过重新格式化您的代码（如图所示）并使用 List Comprehensions，您在 10000 次迭代中的速度提高了 100 毫秒：

• 初始化：

from timeit import default_timer as timer
from datetime import timedelta
start = timer()
testList = ['hello']
wordList = ['hello','helloetttttttttttttttttttttttttwersdfffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffavvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvqwewqe','helloetttttttttttttttttttttttttwersdfffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffavvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvqwewqe','helloetttttttttttttttttttttttttwersdfffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffavvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvqwewqe','helloetttttttttttttttttttttttttwersdfffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffavvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvqwewqe','helloetttttttttttttttttttttttttwersdfffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffavvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvqwewqe']

• v1：

def checkcond(x, i, word, itemList):
    _, __ = itemList.index(x),  itemList.find(word[i+1])
    return -1 if _ > __ else 1 if _ < __ else 0

def wordShape(word, itemList):
    return [checkcond(x, i, word, itemList) for i, x in enumerate(word[:-1])]

def words_with_given_shape(words,shape):
    itemList = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'
    return [x for x in words if wordShape(x, itemList)==shape]

• v2：（在 google colab 上更快）

def words_with_given_shape(words,shape):
    itemList = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'
    def checkcond(x, i, word):
        _, __ = itemList.index(x),  itemList.find(word[i+1])
        return -1 if _ > __ else 1 if _ < __ else 0
    def wordShape(word):
        return [checkcond(x, i, word) for i, x in enumerate(word[:-1])]
    return [x for x in words if wordShape(x)==shape]

• 时间检查：

def timecheck():
    for x in range(10000):
        words_with_given_shape(wordList,  [-1, 1, 0, 1,1,1,-1])
        words_with_given_shape(wordList,  [-1, 1, 0, 1])
        words_with_given_shape(wordList,  [-1, 1])
        words_with_given_shape(wordList,  [-1, 1, 0, 1,1, 0, 1,-1,1])
        words_with_given_shape(testList,  [-1, 1, 0, 1])
    return timedelta(seconds=timer()-start)
print(timecheck())