【发布时间】:2019-10-31 07:50:12
【问题描述】:
我正在尝试解决一个最优控制问题,其中成本函数为 J = x^T Q x + u^T R u 取决于 x_dot = A x + B u 以及 x 和 u 的界限。我知道有一些求解器,如 cvxpy、yalimp 等,可以做到这一点,但我想自己做,以便对编码和将来可能添加的一些其他参数有更好的了解。 我附上了我写的代码。它运行但对所有时间步返回相同的值。我已将 x 和 u 堆叠为单个向量。我不知道这是否是正确的方法。我认为可以以更好/有效的方式编写代码。欢迎所有建议,非常感谢您提前提供任何帮助
灰
import numpy as np
import sympy as sp
import scipy.optimize as opt
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# Optimal Control Problem
# Cost, J = x.transpose() * Q * x + u.transpose() * R * u
# x_dot = A*x + B*u
# x_min < x < x_max
# u_min < x < u_max
class mpc_opt():
def __init__(self):
self.Q = sp.diag(0.5, 1, 0) # state penalty matrix, Q
self.R = sp.eye(2) # input penalty matrix
self.A = sp.Matrix([[-0.79, -0.3, -0.1],[0.5, 0.82, 1.23], [0.52, -0.3, -0.5]]) # state matrix
self.B = sp.Matrix([[-2.04, -0.21], [-1.28, 2.75], [0.29, -1.41]]) # input matrix
self.t = np.linspace(0, 1, 30)
# reference trajectory ## static!!!
def ref_trajectory(self, i): # y = 3*sin(2*pi*omega*t)
# y = 3 * np.sin(2*np.pi*self.omega*self.t[i])
x_ref = sp.Matrix([0, 1, 0])
return x_ref
# return sp.Matrix(([[self.t[i]], [y], [0]]))
def cost_function(self, U, *args):
t = args
nx, nu = self.A.shape[-1], self.B.shape[-1]
x0 = U[0:nx]
u = U[nx:nx+nu]
u = u.reshape(len(u), -1)
x0 = x0.reshape(len(x0), -1)
x1 = self.A * x0 + self.B * u
# q = [x1[0], x1[1]]
# pos = self.end_effec_pose(q)
traj_ref = self.ref_trajectory(t)
pos_error = x1 - traj_ref
cost = pos_error.transpose() * self.Q * pos_error + u.transpose() * self.R * u
return cost
def cost_gradient(self, U, *args):
t = args
nx, nu = self.A.shape[-1], self.B.shape[-1]
x0 = U[0:nx]
u = U[nx:nx + nu]
u = u.reshape(len(u), -1)
x0 = x0.reshape(len(x0), -1)
x1 = self.A * x0 + self.B * u
traj_ref = self.ref_trajectory(t)
pos_error = x1 - traj_ref
temp1 = self.Q * pos_error
cost_gradient = temp1.col_join(self.R * u)
return cost_gradient
def optimise(self, u0, t):
umin = [-2., -3.]
umax = [2., 3.]
xmin = [-10., -9., -8.]
xmax = [10., 9., 8.]
bounds = ((xmin[0], xmax[0]), (xmin[1], xmax[1]), (xmin[2], xmax[2]), (umin[0], umax[0]), (umin[1], umax[1]))
U = opt.minimize(self.cost_function, u0, args=(t), method='SLSQP', bounds=bounds, jac=self.cost_gradient,
options={'maxiter': 200, 'disp': True})
U = U.x
return U
if __name__ == '__main__':
mpc = mpc_opt()
x0, u0, = sp.Matrix([[0.1], [0.02], [0.05]]), sp.Matrix([[0.4], [0.2]])
X, U = sp.zeros(len(x0), len(mpc.t)), sp.zeros(len(u0), len(mpc.t))
U0 = sp.Matrix([x0, u0])
nx, nu = mpc.A.shape[-1], mpc.B.shape[-1]
for i in range(len(mpc.t)):
print('i = :', i)
result = mpc.optimise(U0, i)
x0 = result[0:nx]
u = result[nx:nx + nu]
u = u.reshape(len(u), -1)
x0 = x0.reshape(len(x0), -1)
U[:, i], X[:, i] = u0, x0
# x0 = mpc.A * x0 + mpc.B * u
U0 = result
plt.plot(X[0, :], '--r')
plt.plot(X[1, :], '--b')
plt.plot(X[2, :], '*r')
plt.show()
【问题讨论】:
-
请确保您的示例代码在发布之前编译并运行。此示例引发了一个
IndexError: SLSQP Error: the length of bounds is not compatible with that of x0.,因为您的bounds变量缺少一个元素。 -
对此感到抱歉。我刚刚编辑了代码,它运行了。
-
完美。您能否解释一下:
x_dot是什么?是x的梯度吗? -
x_dot 是 x 的 d/dt。 (时间导数)。离散形式可以写成x(k+1) = A * x(k) + B * u(k),其中k是采样时间
标签: python python-3.x scipy scipy-optimize scipy-optimize-minimize