Python使用字典和循环宣布获胜者

Question

这是我正在尝试编写的代码的输出。我已经看到这是为 C++ 完成的，但不是带有字典的 python。这里的关键是字典不是可选的。我需要用它来完成任务。

ID  Candidate           Votes Received      % of Total Vote
1   Johnson             5000                55.55
2   Miller              4000                44.44
Total 9000 
and the winner is Johnson!

我需要使用字典和循环来创建它。但是，我被困在 3 点上。 1.percent-current 代码在获得全部总数之前返回百分比 ex：第一个候选人总是有 100%。 2. 声明一个获胜者 - 代码找到最大票数并返回数字值，但我需要它来返回名称。 3. 如何格式化字典值，使其在标题下对齐。我认为不可能，但是出于某种原因必须要求使用字典。我在想我需要复制字典并格式化吗？ 这是我目前所拥有的：

totalVotes=[]
dct = {}
i = 1
while(True):
    name = input('Please enter a name: ')
    if name == '':

        break
    votes = input('Please enter vote total for canidate: ')
    totalVotes.append(votes)
    totalVotesInt= map(int, totalVotes)
    total = sum(totalVotesInt)
    dct[i] = {name,votes,int(votes)/total*100}
    i += 1
header='{:>0}{:>10}{:>10}{:>20}'.format('ID','Name','Votes','% of Total Vote')
print(header)    
print("\n".join("{}\t{}".format(key, value) for key, value in dct.items()))
print('Total '+str(total))
print('The Winner of the Election is '+max(totalVotes))

返回：

    Please enter a name: Smith
    Please enter vote total for canidate: 100
    Please enter a name: Frieda
    Please enter vote total for canidate: 200
    Please enter a name: West
    Please enter vote total for canidate: 10
    Please enter a name: 
    ID      Name     Votes     % of Total Vote
    1   {'Smith', '100', 100.0}
    2   {'Frieda', 66.66666666666666, '200'}
    3   {3.225806451612903, '10', 'West'}
    Total 310
    The Winner of the Election is 200

Answer 1

我对您的代码添加了很少的更改以使其正常工作：

我已经在代码中以 cmets 的形式提到了这些变化。

编辑：如果您将来需要缩放，则为每个候选对象使用对象会更有效。

totalVotes=[]
dct = {}
i = 1
while(True):
    name = input('Please enter a name: ')
    if name == '':

        break
    votes = input('Please enter vote total for canidate: ')
    totalVotes.append(votes)
    totalVotesInt= map(int, totalVotes)
    total = sum(totalVotesInt)
    # I change it to a list so it's much easier to append to it later
    dct[i] = list((name,int(votes)))   
    i += 1

# I calculate the total percent of votes in the end and append to the candidate

maxVal = 0
for i in range(1, len(dct) + 1):
    if dct[i][1] > maxVal:
        maxInd = i
    dct[i].append(int((dct[i][len(dct[i]) - 1]) / total * 100))

header='{:>0}{:>10}{:>10}{:>20}'.format('ID','Name','Votes','% of Total Vote')
print(dct)
print(header)    
print("\n".join("{}\t{}".format(key, value) for key, value in dct.items()))
print('Total '+str(total))
print('The Winner of the Election is '+ dct[maxInd][0]))

Answer 2

1. 在计算每个候选人的投票百分比的同时，您可以添加每个候选人的投票数。您需要先找到总票数，然后将每个候选人的票数除以总票数

2. 您正在返回整数列表的最大值。显然你不会得到一个字符串。您需要某种方式将票数与候选人联系起来。

3. 别打扰了。您可以尝试弄清楚需要多少个标签才能将整个内容排成一行，但根据经验，这基本上是不可能的。你可以用逗号分隔它们，然后在 excel 中以 csv 格式打开它，或者你可以让用户弄清楚什么数字与什么相配。

另一个答案使用数据表，所以我将采用另一种更普通、更酷的方法来获得你想要的东西。

class candidate():

  def __init__(self, name, votes):
    self.name = name
    self.votes = int(votes)

  def percentvotes(self, total):
    self.percent = self.votes/total

  def printself(self, i):
    print('{}\t{}\t\t{}\t\t{}'.format(i, self.name, self.votes, self.percent))

def getinput():
  inp = input('Please enter your candidates name and votes')
  return inp
candidates = []
inp = getinput()
s = 0
while inp != '':
  s+=1
  candidates.append(candidate(*inp.split(" ")))
  inp = getinput()

for c in candidates:
  c.percentvotes(s)

candidates.sort(key = lambda x:-x.percent)

print('ID\tname\t\tvotes\t\tpercentage')
for i, c in enumerate(candidates):
  c.printself(i+1)

Answer 3

我相信这就是您正在寻找的解决方案。如果您使用的是 Python 2.x，只需更改输入语句。使用 Dataframe，输出将完全符合您的要求。

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
df = pd.DataFrame(columns=["Candidate", "Votes Received","Percentage of total votes"])
names=list()
votes=list()
while True:
    name = str(input("Enter Name of Candidate."))
    if name=='':
        break
    else:
        vote = int(input("Enter the number of votes obtained."))
        names.append(name)
        votes.append(vote)
s=sum(votes)
xx=(votes.index(max(votes)))
myArray = np.array(votes)
percent = myArray/s*100

for i in range(len(names)):
    df1 = pd.DataFrame(data=[[names[i],votes[i],percent[i]]],columns=["Candidate", "Votes Received","Percentage of total votes"])
    df = pd.concat([df,df1], axis=0)

df.index = range(len(df.index))
print (df)
print ("Total votes = ",s)
print ("The man who won is ",names[xx])