我目前正在使用Win32ShellFolderManager2 和ShellFolder.getLinkLocation 来解析Java 中的Windows 快捷方式。不幸的是，如果 Java 程序在 Vista 下作为服务运行，getLinkLocation，这不起作用。具体来说，我收到一个异常说明“无法获取 shell 文件夹 ID 列表”。
搜索网络确实会提到此错误消息，但总是与JFileChooser 有关。我没有使用JFileChooser，我只需要将.lnk 文件解析到它的目的地。
有人知道我可以使用用 Java 编写的 .lnk 文件的第 3 方解析器吗？
我后来找到了 .lnk 格式 here 的非官方文档，但如果有人以前做过，我宁愿不必做这项工作，因为这种格式相当可怕。
【问题讨论】：
标签： java windows windows-vista shortcuts lnk
添加了 cmets（一些解释以及到目前为止每个贡献者的功劳），对文件魔术的额外检查，快速测试以查看给定文件是否可能是有效链接（无需读取所有字节），a如果文件太小，则修复抛出带有适当消息而不是 ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException 的 ParseException，进行了一些常规清理。
来源here（如果您有任何更改，请将它们直接推送到GitHub repo/project。
package org.stackoverflowusers.file;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.text.ParseException;
/**
* Represents a Windows shortcut (typically visible to Java only as a '.lnk' file).
*
* Retrieved 2011-09-23 from http://stackoverflow.com/questions/309495/windows-shortcut-lnk-parser-in-java/672775#672775
* Originally called LnkParser
*
* Written by: (the stack overflow users, obviously!)
* Apache Commons VFS dependency removed by crysxd (why were we using that!?) https://github.com/crysxd
* Headerified, refactored and commented by Code Bling http://stackoverflow.com/users/675721/code-bling
* Network file support added by Stefan Cordes http://stackoverflow.com/users/81330/stefan-cordes
* Adapted by Sam Brightman http://stackoverflow.com/users/2492/sam-brightman
* Based on information in 'The Windows Shortcut File Format' by Jesse Hager <jessehager@iname.com>
* And somewhat based on code from the book 'Swing Hacks: Tips and Tools for Killer GUIs'
* by Joshua Marinacci and Chris Adamson
* ISBN: 0-596-00907-0
* http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/swinghks/
*/
public class WindowsShortcut
{
private boolean isDirectory;
private boolean isLocal;
private String real_file;
/**
* Provides a quick test to see if this could be a valid link !
* If you try to instantiate a new WindowShortcut and the link is not valid,
* Exceptions may be thrown and Exceptions are extremely slow to generate,
* therefore any code needing to loop through several files should first check this.
*
* @param file the potential link
* @return true if may be a link, false otherwise
* @throws IOException if an IOException is thrown while reading from the file
*/
public static boolean isPotentialValidLink(File file) throws IOException {
final int minimum_length = 0x64;
InputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file);
boolean isPotentiallyValid = false;
try {
isPotentiallyValid = file.isFile()
&& file.getName().toLowerCase().endsWith(".lnk")
&& fis.available() >= minimum_length
&& isMagicPresent(getBytes(fis, 32));
} finally {
fis.close();
}
return isPotentiallyValid;
}
public WindowsShortcut(File file) throws IOException, ParseException {
InputStream in = new FileInputStream(file);
try {
parseLink(getBytes(in));
} finally {
in.close();
}
}
/**
* @return the name of the filesystem object pointed to by this shortcut
*/
public String getRealFilename() {
return real_file;
}
/**
* Tests if the shortcut points to a local resource.
* @return true if the 'local' bit is set in this shortcut, false otherwise
*/
public boolean isLocal() {
return isLocal;
}
/**
* Tests if the shortcut points to a directory.
* @return true if the 'directory' bit is set in this shortcut, false otherwise
*/
public boolean isDirectory() {
return isDirectory;
}
/**
* Gets all the bytes from an InputStream
* @param in the InputStream from which to read bytes
* @return array of all the bytes contained in 'in'
* @throws IOException if an IOException is encountered while reading the data from the InputStream
*/
private static byte[] getBytes(InputStream in) throws IOException {
return getBytes(in, null);
}
/**
* Gets up to max bytes from an InputStream
* @param in the InputStream from which to read bytes
* @param max maximum number of bytes to read
* @return array of all the bytes contained in 'in'
* @throws IOException if an IOException is encountered while reading the data from the InputStream
*/
private static byte[] getBytes(InputStream in, Integer max) throws IOException {
// read the entire file into a byte buffer
ByteArrayOutputStream bout = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buff = new byte[256];
while (max == null || max > 0) {
int n = in.read(buff);
if (n == -1) {
break;
}
bout.write(buff, 0, n);
if (max != null)
max -= n;
}
in.close();
return bout.toByteArray();
}
private static boolean isMagicPresent(byte[] link) {
final int magic = 0x0000004C;
final int magic_offset = 0x00;
return link.length >= 32 && bytesToDword(link, magic_offset) == magic;
}
/**
* Gobbles up link data by parsing it and storing info in member fields
* @param link all the bytes from the .lnk file
*/
private void parseLink(byte[] link) throws ParseException {
try {
if (!isMagicPresent(link))
throw new ParseException("Invalid shortcut; magic is missing", 0);
// get the flags byte
byte flags = link[0x14];
// get the file attributes byte
final int file_atts_offset = 0x18;
byte file_atts = link[file_atts_offset];
byte is_dir_mask = (byte)0x10;
if ((file_atts & is_dir_mask) > 0) {
isDirectory = true;
} else {
isDirectory = false;
}
// if the shell settings are present, skip them
final int shell_offset = 0x4c;
final byte has_shell_mask = (byte)0x01;
int shell_len = 0;
if ((flags & has_shell_mask) > 0) {
// the plus 2 accounts for the length marker itself
shell_len = bytesToWord(link, shell_offset) + 2;
}
// get to the file settings
int file_start = 0x4c + shell_len;
final int file_location_info_flag_offset_offset = 0x08;
int file_location_info_flag = link[file_start + file_location_info_flag_offset_offset];
isLocal = (file_location_info_flag & 2) == 0;
// get the local volume and local system values
//final int localVolumeTable_offset_offset = 0x0C;
final int basename_offset_offset = 0x10;
final int networkVolumeTable_offset_offset = 0x14;
final int finalname_offset_offset = 0x18;
int finalname_offset = link[file_start + finalname_offset_offset] + file_start;
String finalname = getNullDelimitedString(link, finalname_offset);
if (isLocal) {
int basename_offset = link[file_start + basename_offset_offset] + file_start;
String basename = getNullDelimitedString(link, basename_offset);
real_file = basename + finalname;
} else {
int networkVolumeTable_offset = link[file_start + networkVolumeTable_offset_offset] + file_start;
int shareName_offset_offset = 0x08;
int shareName_offset = link[networkVolumeTable_offset + shareName_offset_offset]
+ networkVolumeTable_offset;
String shareName = getNullDelimitedString(link, shareName_offset);
real_file = shareName + "\\" + finalname;
}
} catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
throw new ParseException("Could not be parsed, probably not a valid WindowsShortcut", 0);
}
}
private static String getNullDelimitedString(byte[] bytes, int off) {
int len = 0;
// count bytes until the null character (0)
while (true) {
if (bytes[off + len] == 0) {
break;
}
len++;
}
return new String(bytes, off, len);
}
/*
* convert two bytes into a short note, this is little endian because it's
* for an Intel only OS.
*/
private static int bytesToWord(byte[] bytes, int off) {
return ((bytes[off + 1] & 0xff) << 8) | (bytes[off] & 0xff);
}
private static int bytesToDword(byte[] bytes, int off) {
return (bytesToWord(bytes, off + 2) << 16) | bytesToWord(bytes, off);
}
}
【讨论】：
Sam Brightman's solution 仅用于本地文件。 我添加了对网络文件的支持：
http://www.javafaq.nu/java-example-code-468.html
public class LnkParser {
public LnkParser(File f) throws IOException {
parse(f);
}
private boolean isDirectory;
private boolean isLocal;
public boolean isDirectory() {
return isDirectory;
}
private String real_file;
public String getRealFilename() {
return real_file;
}
private void parse(File f) throws IOException {
// read the entire file into a byte buffer
FileInputStream fin = new FileInputStream(f);
ByteArrayOutputStream bout = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buff = new byte[256];
while (true) {
int n = fin.read(buff);
if (n == -1) {
break;
}
bout.write(buff, 0, n);
}
fin.close();
byte[] link = bout.toByteArray();
parseLink(link);
}
private void parseLink(byte[] link) {
// get the flags byte
byte flags = link[0x14];
// get the file attributes byte
final int file_atts_offset = 0x18;
byte file_atts = link[file_atts_offset];
byte is_dir_mask = (byte)0x10;
if ((file_atts & is_dir_mask) > 0) {
isDirectory = true;
} else {
isDirectory = false;
}
// if the shell settings are present, skip them
final int shell_offset = 0x4c;
final byte has_shell_mask = (byte)0x01;
int shell_len = 0;
if ((flags & has_shell_mask) > 0) {
// the plus 2 accounts for the length marker itself
shell_len = bytes2short(link, shell_offset) + 2;
}
// get to the file settings
int file_start = 0x4c + shell_len;
final int file_location_info_flag_offset_offset = 0x08;
int file_location_info_flag = link[file_start + file_location_info_flag_offset_offset];
isLocal = (file_location_info_flag & 2) == 0;
// get the local volume and local system values
//final int localVolumeTable_offset_offset = 0x0C;
final int basename_offset_offset = 0x10;
final int networkVolumeTable_offset_offset = 0x14;
final int finalname_offset_offset = 0x18;
int finalname_offset = link[file_start + finalname_offset_offset] + file_start;
String finalname = getNullDelimitedString(link, finalname_offset);
if (isLocal) {
int basename_offset = link[file_start + basename_offset_offset] + file_start;
String basename = getNullDelimitedString(link, basename_offset);
real_file = basename + finalname;
} else {
int networkVolumeTable_offset = link[file_start + networkVolumeTable_offset_offset] + file_start;
int shareName_offset_offset = 0x08;
int shareName_offset = link[networkVolumeTable_offset + shareName_offset_offset]
+ networkVolumeTable_offset;
String shareName = getNullDelimitedString(link, shareName_offset);
real_file = shareName + "\\" + finalname;
}
}
private static String getNullDelimitedString(byte[] bytes, int off) {
int len = 0;
// count bytes until the null character (0)
while (true) {
if (bytes[off + len] == 0) {
break;
}
len++;
}
return new String(bytes, off, len);
}
/*
* convert two bytes into a short note, this is little endian because it's
* for an Intel only OS.
*/
private static int bytes2short(byte[] bytes, int off) {
return ((bytes[off + 1] & 0xff) << 8) | (bytes[off] & 0xff);
}
/**
* Returns the value of the instance variable 'isLocal'.
*
* @return Returns the isLocal.
*/
public boolean isLocal() {
return isLocal;
}
}
【讨论】：
我可以在 GitHub 上推荐这个存储库：
https://github.com/BlackOverlord666/mslinks
在那里，我找到了 create 快捷方式的简单解决方案：
ShellLink.createLink("path/to/existing/file.txt", "path/to/the/future/shortcut.lnk");
如果你想阅读快捷键：
File shortcut = ...;
String pathToExistingFile = new ShellLink(shortcut).resolveTarget();
如果您想更改快捷方式的图标，请使用：
ShellLink sl = ...;
sl.setIconLocation("/path/to/icon/file");
您可以编辑快捷链接的大多数属性，例如工作目录、工具提示文本、图标、命令行参数、热键、创建 LAN 共享文件和目录的链接等等...
希望这对你有帮助:)
亲切的问候 约书亚·弗兰克
【讨论】：
链接到的代码 plan9assembler 似乎只需稍作修改即可工作。我认为当bytes 在bytes2short 函数中向上转换为ints 时，需要更改的只是“& 0xff”来防止符号扩展。我添加了http://www.i2s-lab.com/Papers/The_Windows_Shortcut_File_Format.pdf 中描述的功能来连接“路径名的最后部分”，即使在实践中这似乎没有在我的示例中使用。我没有在标题中添加任何错误检查或处理网络共享。这是我现在使用的：
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.text.DecimalFormat;
import java.text.NumberFormat;
public class LnkParser {
public LnkParser(File f) throws Exception {
parse(f);
}
private boolean is_dir;
public boolean isDirectory() {
return is_dir;
}
private String real_file;
public String getRealFilename() {
return real_file;
}
private void parse(File f) throws Exception {
// read the entire file into a byte buffer
FileInputStream fin = new FileInputStream(f);
ByteArrayOutputStream bout = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buff = new byte[256];
while (true) {
int n = fin.read(buff);
if (n == -1) {
break;
}
bout.write(buff, 0, n);
}
fin.close();
byte[] link = bout.toByteArray();
// get the flags byte
byte flags = link[0x14];
// get the file attributes byte
final int file_atts_offset = 0x18;
byte file_atts = link[file_atts_offset];
byte is_dir_mask = (byte) 0x10;
if ((file_atts & is_dir_mask) > 0) {
is_dir = true;
} else {
is_dir = false;
}
// if the shell settings are present, skip them
final int shell_offset = 0x4c;
final byte has_shell_mask = (byte) 0x01;
int shell_len = 0;
if ((flags & has_shell_mask) > 0) {
// the plus 2 accounts for the length marker itself
shell_len = bytes2short(link, shell_offset) + 2;
}
// get to the file settings
int file_start = 0x4c + shell_len;
// get the local volume and local system values
final int basename_offset_offset = 0x10;
final int finalname_offset_offset = 0x18;
int basename_offset = link[file_start + basename_offset_offset]
+ file_start;
int finalname_offset = link[file_start + finalname_offset_offset]
+ file_start;
String basename = getNullDelimitedString(link, basename_offset);
String finalname = getNullDelimitedString(link, finalname_offset);
real_file = basename + finalname;
}
private static String getNullDelimitedString(byte[] bytes, int off) {
int len = 0;
// count bytes until the null character (0)
while (true) {
if (bytes[off + len] == 0) {
break;
}
len++;
}
return new String(bytes, off, len);
}
/*
* convert two bytes into a short note, this is little endian because it's
* for an Intel only OS.
*/
private static int bytes2short(byte[] bytes, int off) {
return ((bytes[off + 1] & 0xff) << 8) | (bytes[off] & 0xff);
}
}
【讨论】：
我也曾在 Java 中的“.lnk”上工作过（现在没有时间）。我的代码是here
有点乱（一些测试垃圾），但本地和网络解析效果很好。创建链接也实现了。请测试并将补丁发送给我。
解析示例：
Shortcut scut = Shortcut.loadShortcut(new File("C:\\t.lnk"));
System.out.println(scut.toString());
创建新链接：
Shortcut scut = new Shortcut(new File("C:\\temp"));
OutputStream os = new FileOutputStream("C:\\t.lnk");
os.write(scut.getBytes());
os.flush();
os.close();
【讨论】：
@Code Bling 的解决方案不适用于 User 目录中的 Files。
例如“C:/Users/Username/Filename.txt”。
原因是：在The_Windows_Shortcut_File_Format.pdf
@Stefan Cordes 在第 6 页提到，它说只有前 2 位对卷信息很重要。 当volumes info的第一位为“0”时，所有其他位可能被随机垃圾填充。
如果涉及到：
isLocal = (file_location_info_flag & 2) == 0;
那么file_location_info_flag 可能是“3”。
该文件仍然是本地文件，但是这行代码将false 分配给isLocal。
所以我建议对@Code Bling 的代码进行以下调整：
isLocal = (file_location_info_flag & 1) == 1;
【讨论】：
@User 在答案中不起作用。我明白你的意思。原始代码假定文件是本地文件或网络文件（不是两者），但似乎它们并不相互排斥。您是否碰巧有此示例.lnk？
这个短代码真的很有用...
但需要两个修复：
isPotentialValidLink 改进后，如果名称不以“.lnk”结尾，则不加载文件
public static boolean isPotentialValidLink(final File file) {
final int minimum_length = 0x64;
boolean isPotentiallyValid = false;
if (file.getName().toLowerCase().endsWith(".lnk"))
try (final InputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file)) {
isPotentiallyValid = file.isFile() && fis.available() >= minimum_length && isMagicPresent(getBytes(fis, 32));
} catch (Exception e) {
// forget it
}
return isPotentiallyValid;
}
偏移量必须用 32 位计算，而不仅仅是一个字节...
final int finalname_offset = bytesToDword(link,file_start + finalname_offset_offset) + file_start;
final int basename_offset = bytesToDword(link,file_start + basename_offset_offset) + file_start;
【讨论】：
bytesToDword 更改。我没有注意到它们不在原始 PR 中。
我发现了其他非专业技术。完成我的工作。
File file=new File("C:\\ProgramData\\Microsoft\\Windows\\Start Menu\\Programs\\TeamViewer.lnk");//shortcut link
FileInputStream stream=new FileInputStream(file);
DataInputStream st=new DataInputStream(stream);
byte[] bytes=new byte[(int)stream.getChannel().size()];
stream.read(bytes);
String data=new String(bytes);
int i1=data.indexOf("C:\\Program Files");
int i2=data.indexOf(".exe",i1);
System.out.println(data.substring(i1, i2+4));
【讨论】：
给定的代码运行良好，但有一个错误。 Java 字节是从 -128 到 127 的有符号值。我们想要一个从 0 到 255 的无符号值来获得正确的结果。只需将 bytes2short 函数更改如下：
static int bytes2short(byte[] bytes, int off) {
int low = (bytes[off]<0 ? bytes[off]+256 : bytes[off]);
int high = (bytes[off+1]<0 ? bytes[off+1]+256 : bytes[off+1])<<8;
return 0 | low | high;
}
【讨论】：