在哪里可以找到 MATLAB 的形式语法？

Question

我想编写一个词法分析器生成器来将 MATLAB 语言的基本子集转换为 C#、C++ 等。为了帮助我做到这一点，我想找到一个包含 MATLAB 形式语法的文档。花了一些时间对此进行调查后，Mathworks 似乎没有提供。

有谁知道我在哪里可以找到这样的文件？

Answer 1

我不确定它究竟是什么时候出现的（可能是 2019 年 3 月至 4 月），但现在可以在 Mathworks' GitHub 上找到它。这是定义语法的 xml 文件（截至 2019 年 4 月 9 日；为避免 SO 帖子字符限制而压缩）：

版权所有 2018 The MathWorks, Inc.，根据 BSD2 许可。

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continuations</string><key>match</key><string>(\.\.\.)(.*)$</string><key>name</key><string>meta.linecontinuation.matlab</string></dict><key>string</key><dict><key>patterns</key><array><dict><key>captures</key><dict><key>1</key><dict><key>name</key><string>string.interpolated.matlab</string></dict><key>2</key><dict><key>name</key><string>punctuation.definition.string.begin.matlab</string></dict></dict><key>comment</key><string>Shell command</string><key>match</key><string>^\s*((!).*$\n?)</string></dict><dict><key>begin</key><string>((?&lt;=(\[|\(|\{|=|\s|;|:|,|~|&lt;|&gt;|&amp;|\||-|\+|\*|/|\\|\.|\^))|^)'</string><key>beginCaptures</key><dict><key>0</key><dict><key>name</key><string>punctuation.definition.string.begin.matlab</string></dict></dict><key>comment</key><string>Character vector literal (single-quoted)</string><key>end</key><string>'(?=(\[|\(|\{|\]|\)|\}|=|~|&lt;|&gt;|&amp;|\||-|\+|\*|/|\\|\.|\^|\s|;|:|,))</string><key>endCaptures</key><dict><key>0</key><dict><key>name</key><string>punctuation.definition.string.end.matlab</string></dict></dict><key>name</key><string>string.quoted.single.matlab</string><key>patterns</key><array><dict><key>match</key><string>''</string><key>name</key><string>constant.character.escape.matlab</string></dict><dict><key>match</key><string>'(?=.)</string><key>name</key><string>invalid.illegal.unescaped-quote.matlab</string></dict><dict><key>comment</key><string>Operator symbols</string><key>match</key><string>((\%([\+\-0]?\d{0,3}(\.\d{1,3})?)(c|d|e|E|f|g|G|s|((b|t)?(o|u|x|X))))|\%\%|\\(b|f|n|r|t|\\))</string><key>name</key><string>constant.character.escape.matlab</string></dict></array></dict><dict><key>begin</key><string>((?&lt;=(\[|\(|\{|=|\s|;|:|,|~|&lt;|&gt;|&amp;|\||-|\+|\*|/|\\|\.|\^))|^)"</string><key>beginCaptures</key><dict><key>0</key><dict><key>name</key><string>punctuation.definition.string.begin.matlab</string></dict></dict><key>comment</key><string>String literal (double-quoted)</string><key>end</key><string>"(?=(\[|\(|\{|\]|\)|\}|=|~|&lt;|&gt;|&amp;|\||-|\+|\*|/|\\|\.|\^|\||\s|;|:|,))</string><key>endCaptures</key><dict><key>0</key><dict><key>name</key><string>punctuation.definition.string.end.matlab</string></dict></dict><key>name</key><string>string.quoted.double.matlab</string><key>patterns</key><array><dict><key>match</key><string>""</string><key>name</key><string>constant.character.escape.matlab</string></dict><dict><key>match</key><string>"(?=.)</string><key>name</key><string>invalid.illegal.unescaped-quote.matlab</string></dict></array></dict></array></dict><key>transpose</key><dict><key>match</key><string>((\w+)|(?&lt;=\])|(?&lt;=\)))\.?'</string><key>name</key><string>keyword.operator.transpose.matlab</string></dict><key>constants</key><dict><key>comment</key><string>MATLAB Constants</string><key>match</key><string>(?&lt;!\.)\b(eps|false|Inf|inf|intmax|intmin|namelengthmax|NaN|nan|on|off|realmax|realmin|true|pi)\b</string><key>name</key><string>constant.language.matlab</string></dict><key>variables</key><dict><key>comment</key><string>MATLAB variables</string><key>match</key><string>(?&lt;!\.)\b(nargin|nargout|varargin|varargout)\b</string><key>name</key><string>variable.other.function.matlab</string></dict><key>end_in_parens</key><dict><key>comment</key><string>end as operator symbol</string><key>match</key><string>\bend\b</string><key>name</key><string>keyword.operator.symbols.matlab</string></dict><key>numbers</key><dict><key>comment</key><string>Valid numbers: 1, .1, 1.1, .1e1, 1.1e1, 1e1, 1i, 1j, 1e2j</string><key>match</key><string>(?&lt;=[\s\-\+\*\/\\=:\[\(\{,]|^)\d*\.?\d+([eE][+-]?\d)?([0-9&amp;&amp;[^\.]])*(i|j)?\b</string><key>name</key><string>constant.numeric.matlab</string></dict><key>operators</key><dict><key>comment</key><string>Operator symbols</string><key>match</key><string>(?&lt;=\s)(==|~=|&gt;|&gt;=|&lt;|&lt;=|&amp;|&amp;&amp;|:|\||\|\||\+|-|\*|\.\*|/|\./|\\|\.\\|\^|\.\^)(?=\s)</string><key>name</key><string>keyword.operator.symbols.matlab</string></dict></dict><key>scopeName</key><string>source.matlab</string><key>uuid</key><string>48F8858B-72FF-11D9-BFEE-000D93589AF6</string></dict></plist>

Answer 2

您可以从改编 MATLAB -> Python 转换器 smop 开始，它本身是用 Python 编写的。它使用PLY（Python lex-yacc）。您可能感兴趣的文件是 lexer.py 和 parse.py。

有关从 MATLAB 到 Python 的转换器列表，另请参阅 this answer。

Answer 3

Dave Wingate 提供了一些 Antler 资源，这些资源看起来像是一个很好的起点。 如他的 README 文件中所述，他不包括转置运算符和其他一些棘手的解析。在此处查看 mparser 链接：
http://web.mit.edu/~wingated/www/resources.html

Matlab 早期版本（1999 年）的一些棘手部分也在西北大学的一个小组的文档中进行了描述。它包括类似 EBNF 的描述。它还在一些脚注中概述了一些令人讨厌的地方。
http://www.ece.northwestern.edu/cpdc/pjoisha/MAGICA/CPDC-TR-9909-017.pdf

我收集了一些其他不太相关的来源，但 stackoverflow 的编辑器机器人告诉我，我没有足够的声誉点来发布两个以上的链接。

Answer 4

这不是完整的语法，而是yacc-keable for matlab 为 2000 年的编译器课程提供的。由此，您可以轻松创建 BNF 和 EBNF。

primary_expression
        : IDENTIFIER                  
        | CONSTANT    
        | STRING_LITERAL        
        | '(' expression ')'
        | '[' ']'
        | '[' array_list ']'
        ;

postfix_expression
        : primary_expression
        | array_expression
        | postfix_expression TRANSPOSE
        | postfix_expression NCTRANSPOSE
        ;

index_expression
        : ':'
        | expression
        ;

index_expression_list
        : index_expression
        | index_expression_list ',' index_expression
        ;

array_expression
        : IDENTIFIER '(' index_expression_list ')'
        ;

unary_expression
        : postfix_expression
        | unary_operator postfix_expression
        ;

unary_operator
        : '+'
        | '-'
        | '~'
        ;

multiplicative_expression
        : unary_expression
        | multiplicative_expression '*' unary_expression
        | multiplicative_expression '/' unary_expression
        | multiplicative_expression '\\' unary_expression
        | multiplicative_expression '^' unary_expression
        | multiplicative_expression ARRAYMUL unary_expression
        | multiplicative_expression ARRAYDIV unary_expression
        | multiplicative_expression ARRAYRDIV unary_expression
        | multiplicative_expression ARRAYPOW unary_expression
        ;

additive_expression
        : multiplicative_expression
        | additive_expression '+' multiplicative_expression
        | additive_expression '-' multiplicative_expression
        ;

relational_expression
        : additive_expression
        | relational_expression '<' additive_expression
        | relational_expression '>' additive_expression
        | relational_expression LE_OP additive_expression
        | relational_expression GE_OP additive_expression
        ;

equality_expression
        : relational_expression
        | equality_expression EQ_OP relational_expression
        | equality_expression NE_OP relational_expression
        ;

and_expression
        : equality_expression
        | and_expression '&' equality_expression
        ;

or_expression
        : and_expression
        | or_expression '|' and_expression
        ;

expression
        : or_expression
    | expression ':' or_expression
    ;

assignment_expression
        : postfix_expression '=' expression

eostmt
        :  ','
        |  ';'
        |  CR
        ;

statement
        : global_statement
        | clear_statement
        | assignment_statement
        | expression_statement
        | selection_statement
        | iteration_statement
        | jump_statement
        ;

statement_list
        : statement
        | statement_list statement
        ;

identifier_list
        : IDENTIFIER
        | identifier_list IDENTIFIER
        ;

global_statement
        : GLOBAL identifier_list eostmt
        ;

clear_statement
        : CLEAR identifier_list eostmt
        ;

expression_statement
        : eostmt
        | expression eostmt
        ;

assignment_statement
        : assignment_expression eostmt
        ;

array_element
        : expression
        | expression_statement
        ;

array_list
        : array_element
        | array_list array_element
        ;

selection_statement
        : IF expression statement_list END eostmt
        | IF expression statement_list ELSE statement_list END eostmt
        | IF expression statement_list elseif_clause END eostmt
        | IF expression statement_list elseif_clause
          ELSE statement_list END eostmt
        ;

elseif_clause
        : ELSEIF expression statement_list
    | elseif_clause ELSEIF expression statement_list
        ;

iteration_statement
        : WHILE expression statement_list END eostmt
        | FOR IDENTIFIER '=' expression statement_list END eostmt
        | FOR '(' IDENTIFIER '=' expression ')' statement_list END eostmt 
        ;

jump_statement
        : BREAK eostmt
        | RETURN eostmt
        ;

translation_unit
        : statement_list
        | FUNCTION function_declare eostmt statement_list
        ;

func_ident_list
        : IDENTIFIER
        | func_ident_list ',' IDENTIFIER
        ;

func_return_list
        : IDENTIFIER
        | '[' func_ident_list ']'
        ;

function_declare_lhs
        : IDENTIFIER
        | IDENTIFIER '(' ')'
        | IDENTIFIER '(' func_ident_list ')'
        ;

function_declare
        : function_declare_lhs
        | func_return_list '=' function_declare_lhs
        ;

Answer 5

编写自己的正式语法的绝佳机会:)

如果您应该选择自己编写语法，我可以推荐BNFC，它可以采用正式的 BNF 语法并为几种目标语言（C/C++、C#、Java、哈斯克尔等）。这将为您节省大量时间，让您专注于制定语法，然后直接以您喜欢的语言实现转换器。

如果没有别的，BNFC 的链接包含一些关于如何制定 BNF 语法的帮助和指示。祝你好运！