我正在创建一个用户界面，用户可以在其中更改页面的颜色值。我想要的是取分配给他们的背景颜色的值并将其变亮一定量。我只是想获得一条高光线，而不必每次都制作新图像。
示例：用户将背景颜色设置为#ECECEC。现在我想让某个元素的边框变成#F4F4F4（更接近白色的颜色）。
如果他们是使用 Javascript、PHP 甚至 jQuery 实现此目的的好方法，请告诉我。
【问题讨论】：
标签： php javascript jquery html colors
顺便说一句：RGB 不是感知上的线性色彩空间。 我建议从 RGB 转换为 HSL，进行插值，然后再转换回 RGB。 我编写了以下 PHP 代码来生成任意感知正确的渐变；我建议把它变成一个服务，然后可以在需要时从 PHP 或 AJAX 调用。
你可以得到你最终的十六进制输出
$hexcol = col2string( RGBinterpolate("#ececec", "#ffffff", 0.5) ); // "#f4f4f4"
代码：
// Input:
// $start as RGB color string,
// $end as RGB color string,
// $dist as float in [0.0 .. 1.0] being % distance between start and end colors
// Output:
// array(int, int, int) being the resulting color in RGB)
function RGBinterpolate( $start, $end, $dist ) {
$hsl_start = rgb2hsl( getCol($start) );
$hsl_end = rgb2hsl( getCol($end) );
// choose the shorter arc of the hue wheel!
if ($hsl_start[0] > $hsl_end[0]) {
if ($hsl_start[0] > $hsl_end[0] + 0.5)
$hsl_start[0] -= 1.0;
}
else {
if ($hsl_end[0] > $hsl_start[0] + 0.5)
$hsl_end[0] -= 1.0;
}
// do linear interpolation in hsl color space
$hs = interp( $hsl_start[0], $hsl_end[0], $dist );
$ss = interp( $hsl_start[1], $hsl_end[1], $dist );
$ls = interp( $hsl_start[2], $hsl_end[2], $dist );
return hsl2rgb( array( $hs, $ss, $ls ) );
}
// Input: start-value, end-value, % distance as float in [0.0 .. 1.0]
// Output: result of interpolation as float
function interp($start, $end, $dist) {
return $start + ($end - $start)*$dist;
}
// Input: string in one of the following formats:
// #XXXXXX (standard hex code as used in CSS)
// 0xXXXXXX (same thing written as C longint)
// #XXX (equivalent to each-digit-doubled, ie #abc is #aabbcc)
// 000, 000, 000 (decimal triad, each value in 0..255)
// colorname (Netscape defined color names)
// Output: array(int, int, int) for legal values, else default value
function getCol($str, $default=array(0,0,0)) {
global $namedcolors;
// convert named color to #xxxxxx code
if( isset($namedcolors[$str]) )
$str = $namedcolors[$str]; // turn named color into a hex value
$str = trim($str); // remove leading and trailing whitespace
$hex = "[0-9a-z]";
// attempt to match #XXXXXX
$pat = "/(#)($hex{2})($hex{2})($hex{2})/i";
if ((preg_match($pat, $str, $arr)) == 1) {
$r = hexdec($arr[2]);
$g = hexdec($arr[3]);
$b = hexdec($arr[4]);
return array($r, $g, $b);
}
// attempt to match 0xXXXXXX
$pat = "/(0x)($hex{2})($hex{2})($hex{2})/i";
if ((preg_match($pat, $str, $arr)) == 1) {
$r = hexdec($arr[2]);
$g = hexdec($arr[3]);
$b = hexdec($arr[4]);
return array($r, $g, $b);
}
// attempt to match #XXX
$pat = "/(#)($hex)($hex)($hex)/i";
if ((preg_match($pat, $str, $arr)) == 1) {
$r = hexdec($arr[2]) * 17;
$g = hexdec($arr[3]) * 17;
$b = hexdec($arr[4]) * 17;
return array($r, $g, $b);
}
// attempt to match int, int, int
$pat = "/(\d{1,3})\\s*,\\s*(\d{1,3})\\s*,\\s*(\d{1,3})/i";
if ((preg_match($pat, $str, $arr)) == 1) {
$r = 0 + $arr[2]; // implicit cast to int - make explicit?
$g = 0 + $arr[3];
$b = 0 + $arr[4];
return array($r, $g, $b);
}
// if none of the above worked, return default value
return $default;
}
// Input: array(int,int,int) being RGB color in { [0..255], [0..255], [0..255] }
// Output array(float,float,float) being HSL color in { [0.0 .. 1.0), [0.0 .. 1.0), [0.0 .. 1.0) }
function rgb2hsl($rgbtrio) {
$r = $rgbtrio[0] / 256.0; // Normalize {r,g,b} to [0.0 .. 1.0)
$g = $rgbtrio[1] / 256.0;
$b = $rgbtrio[2] / 256.0;
$h = 0.0;
$s = 0.0;
$L = 0.0;
$min = min($r, $g, $b);
$max = max($r, $g, $b);
$delta = $max - $min;
$L = 0.5 * ( $max + $min );
if ( $delta < 0.001 ) // This is a gray, no chroma...
{
$h = 0.0; // ergo, hue and saturation are meaningless
$s = 0.0;
}
else // Chromatic data...
{
if ( $L < 0.5 ) $s = ($max - $min) / ( $max + $min );
else $s = ($max - $min) / ( 2 - $max - $min );
$dr = ( (($max - $r) / 6.0) + ($max / 2.0) ) / $max;
$dg = ( (($max - $g) / 6.0) + ($max / 2.0) ) / $max;
$db = ( (($max - $b) / 6.0) + ($max / 2.0) ) / $max;
if ($r == $max) $h = $db - $dg;
elseif ($g == $max) $h = (0.3333) + $dr - $db;
elseif ($b == $max) $h = (0.6666) + $dg - $dr;
if ( $h < 0.0 ) $h += 1.0;
if ( $h > 1.0 ) $h -= 1.0;
}
return array($h, $s, $L);
}
function Hue_2_RGB( $v1, $v2, $vH ) {
$v1 = 0.0+$v1;
$v2 = 0.0+$v2;
$vH = 0.0+$vH;
if ( $vH < 0.0 ) $vH += 1.0;
elseif ( $vH >= 1.0 ) $vH -= 1.0;
// 0.0 <= vH < 1.0
if ( $vH < 0.1667 ) return ( $v1 + 6.0*$vH*($v2 - $v1) );
elseif ( $vH < 0.5 ) return ( $v2 );
elseif ( $vH < 0.6667 ) return ( $v1 + (4.0-(6.0*$vH ))*($v2 - $v1) );
else return ( $v1 );
}
// Input: array(float,float,float) being HSL color in { [0.0 .. 1.0), [0.0 .. 1.0), [0.0 .. 1.0) }
// Output: array(int,int,int) being RGB color in { [0..255], [0..255], [0..255] }
function hsl2rgb($hsltrio) {
$h = $hsltrio[0];
$s = $hsltrio[1];
$L = $hsltrio[2];
if ( $s < 0.001 ) //HSL from 0 to 1
{
$r = $L;
$g = $L;
$b = $L;
}
else
{
if ( $L < 0.5 ) $j = $L * ( 1.0 + $s );
else $j = ($L + $s) - ($s * $L);
$i = (2.0 * $L) - $j;
$r = Hue_2_RGB( $i, $j, $h + 0.3333 );
$g = Hue_2_RGB( $i, $j, $h );
$b = Hue_2_RGB( $i, $j, $h - 0.3333 );
}
return array( floor(256.0 * $r), floor(256.0 * $g), floor(256.0 * $b) );
}
function col2string($rgbtrio) {
global $colornames;
$r = floor( $rgbtrio[0] );
$g = floor( $rgbtrio[1] );
$b = floor( $rgbtrio[2] );
$str = sprintf("#%02x%02x%02x", $r, $g, $b);
if( isset($colornames[$str]) )
return $colornames[$str];
else
return $str;
}
// All Netscape named colors
$namedcolors = array(
"aliceblue" => "#f0f8ff",
"antiquewhite" => "#faebd7",
"aqua" => "#00ffff",
"aquamarine" => "#7fffd4",
"azure" => "#f0ffff",
"beige" => "#f5f5dc",
"bisque" => "#ffe4c4",
"black" => "#000000",
"blanchedalmond" => "#ffebcd",
"blue" => "#0000ff",
"blueviolet" => "#8a2be2",
"brown" => "#a52a2a",
"burlywood" => "#deb887",
"cadetblue" => "#5f9ea0",
"chartreuse" => "#7fff00",
"chocolate" => "#d2691e",
"coral" => "#ff7f50",
"cornflowerblue" => "#6495ed",
"cornsilk" => "#fff8dc",
"crimson" => "#dc143c",
"cyan" => "#00ffff",
"darkblue" => "#00008b",
"darkcyan" => "#008b8b",
"darkgoldenrod" => "#b8860b",
"darkgray" => "#a9a9a9",
"darkgreen" => "#006400",
"darkgrey" => "#a9a9a9",
"darkkhaki" => "#bdb76b",
"darkmagenta" => "#8b008b",
"darkolivegreen" => "#556b2f",
"darkorange" => "#ff8c00",
"darkorchid" => "#9932cc",
"darkred" => "#8b0000",
"darksalmon" => "#e9967a",
"darkseagreen" => "#8fbc8f",
"darkslateblue" => "#483d8b",
"darkslategray" => "#2f4f4f",
"darkslategrey" => "#2f4f4f",
"darkturquoise" => "#00ced1",
"darkviolet" => "#9400d3",
"deeppink" => "#ff1493",
"deepskyblue" => "#00bfff",
"dimgray" => "#696969",
"dimgrey" => "#696969",
"dodgerblue" => "#1e90ff",
"firebrick" => "#b22222",
"floralwhite" => "#fffaf0",
"forestgreen" => "#228b22",
"fuchsia" => "#ff00ff",
"gainsboro" => "#dcdcdc",
"ghostwhite" => "#f8f8ff",
"gold" => "#ffd700",
"goldenrod" => "#daa520",
"gray" => "#808080",
"green" => "#008000",
"greenyellow" => "#adff2f",
"grey" => "#808080",
"honeydew" => "#f0fff0",
"hotpink" => "#ff69b4",
"indianred" => "#cd5c5c",
"indigo" => "#4b0082",
"ivory" => "#fffff0",
"khaki" => "#f0e68c",
"lavender" => "#e6e6fa",
"lavenderblush" => "#fff0f5",
"lawngreen" => "#7cfc00",
"lemonchiffon" => "#fffacd",
"lightblue" => "#add8e6",
"lightcoral" => "#f08080",
"lightcyan" => "#e0ffff",
"lightgoldenrodyellow" => "#fafad2",
"lightgray" => "#d3d3d3",
"lightgreen" => "#90ee90",
"lightgrey" => "#d3d3d3",
"lightpink" => "#ffb6c1",
"lightsalmon" => "#ffa07a",
"lightseagreen" => "#20b2aa",
"lightskyblue" => "#87cefa",
"lightslategray" => "#778899",
"lightslategrey" => "#778899",
"lightsteelblue" => "#b0c4de",
"lightyellow" => "#ffffe0",
"lime" => "#00ff00",
"limegreen" => "#32cd32",
"linen" => "#faf0e6",
"magenta" => "#ff00ff",
"maroon" => "#800000",
"mediumaquamarine" => "#66cdaa",
"mediumblue" => "#0000cd",
"mediumorchid" => "#ba55d3",
"mediumpurple" => "#9370db",
"mediumseagreen" => "#3cb371",
"mediumslateblue" => "#7b68ee",
"mediumspringgreen" => "#00fa9a",
"mediumturquoise" => "#48d1cc",
"mediumvioletred" => "#c71585",
"midnightblue" => "#191970",
"mintcream" => "#f5fffa",
"mistyrose" => "#ffe4e1",
"moccasin" => "#ffe4b5",
"navajowhite" => "#ffdead",
"navy" => "#000080",
"oldlace" => "#fdf5e6",
"olive" => "#808000",
"olivedrab" => "#6b8e23",
"orange" => "#ffa500",
"orangered" => "#ff4500",
"orchid" => "#da70d6",
"palegoldenrod" => "#eee8aa",
"palegreen" => "#98fb98",
"paleturquoise" => "#afeeee",
"palevioletred" => "#db7093",
"papayawhip" => "#ffefd5",
"peachpuff" => "#ffdab9",
"peru" => "#cd853f",
"pink" => "#ffc0cb",
"plum" => "#dda0dd",
"powderblue" => "#b0e0e6",
"purple" => "#800080",
"red" => "#ff0000",
"rosybrown" => "#bc8f8f",
"royalblue" => "#4169e1",
"saddlebrown" => "#8b4513",
"salmon" => "#fa8072",
"sandybrown" => "#f4a460",
"seagreen" => "#2e8b57",
"seashell" => "#fff5ee",
"sienna" => "#a0522d",
"silver" => "#c0c0c0",
"skyblue" => "#87ceeb",
"slateblue" => "#6a5acd",
"slategray" => "#708090",
"slategrey" => "#708090",
"snow" => "#fffafa",
"springgreen" => "#00ff7f",
"steelblue" => "#4682b4",
"tan" => "#d2b48c",
"teal" => "#008080",
"thistle" => "#d8bfd8",
"tomato" => "#ff6347",
"turquoise" => "#40e0d0",
"violet" => "#ee82ee",
"wheat" => "#f5deb3",
"white" => "#ffffff",
"whitesmoke" => "#f5f5f5",
"yellow" => "#ffff00",
"yellowgreen" => "#9acd32"
);
$colornames = array_flip($namedcolors);
【讨论】：
最近在为 Lablz webapp 平台添加配色方案时，我们需要解决同样的问题。 Hugh Bothwell 提供的解决方案指出了正确的方向，但存在问题。 Hugh 说从 RGB 转换为 HSL 后，您需要插入色相、饱和度和亮度。但是要创建相同颜色的阴影，您只需要操纵 Luminosity（亮度），否则您最终会得到不同的颜色。我们在服务器端（在 Java 中）使用这种方法来创建由http://colorschemedesigner.com 生成的各种颜色。我们还使用 Luminosity 来确定和调整颜色之间的对比度，这样我们就不会在彩色背景上看到无法阅读的彩色文本。
在采用这种方法之前，我们尝试按照此处许多其他答案中提到的那样操作 RGB 颜色空间，并将 RGB 转换为 HSB 并更改亮度。 HSL 给出了最好的结果，因为它一直到最接近白色的最轻微的阴影，而在 HSB 中操纵亮度只会让你得到类似芥末色的效果，例如，当亮度从棕色增加到最大值时。
如果你愿意，我可以把我们开发的java代码贴出来。
【讨论】：
Hugh Bothwell 的代码似乎有时会给出奇怪的答案。当转换即。 RGB #eb69ff 到 HSL 它给出 0.751567320261 1.67763157895 0.703125
在函数 rgb2hsl($rgbtrio)if ( $L < 0.5 ) $s = $max / ( $max + $min );
else $s = $max / ( 2 - $max - $min );
该代码应该是
if ( $L < 0.5 ) $s = ($max - $min) / ( $max + $min );
else $s = ($max - $min) / ( 2 - $max - $min );
至少在那之后我可以在使用 RGBinterpolate( $start, $end, $dist ) 时获得合理的 RGB 值
【讨论】：
您可以使用这样的函数来淡化颜色：
function lighten(color, factor) {
factor = factor || 0.4;
var lighter = '#';
for(var i = 1; i < 6; i += 2) {
var part = parseInt(color.substr(i, 2), 16);
part += Math.round((255 - part) * 0.4);
lighter += (part < 16 ? '0' : '') + part.toString(16);
}
return lighter;
}
lighten('#ececec'); // returns '#f4f4f4'
这会使颜色均匀地变亮一个百分比而不是一个固定的量。
【讨论】：
更简单的解决方案是在 CSS 中使用 rgba() 颜色构造函数：
border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.7)
这将创建一个不透明度为 70% 的白色边框。不幸的是，Firefox 2、Opera 9 或任何版本的 IE 都不支持此功能。为这些浏览器创建替代版本并不难。 jQuery 示例：
$('body').append('<div id="rgbatest" style="color:rgba(0,0,0,0);position:absolute;visibility:hidden"> </div>"');
if(!$('#rgbatest').css('color').match(/^rgba/)){
$('body').addClass('no-rgba');
}
$('#rgbatest').remove();
从这里，您可以使用 .no-rgba 类来覆盖 rgba 颜色。
#thisDiv{border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.7)}
.no-rgba #thisDiv{border: 1px solid #FFF}
【讨论】：
var colorString=$(selector).css("background-color");
var colorInt=parseInt(colorString.replace('#',''),16);
colorInt+=parseInt("080808",16);
var newColor = "#" + colorInt.toString(16);
$(selector).css("border-color", newColor);
【讨论】：
您需要检查十六进制以查看它是 3(444) 还是 6 didgts(444444)，然后将每个 RGB 拆分为十六进制的整数。
然后，选择一个与你想要的值接近多少的阈值（假设它是分裂的差异）。
66 十六进制 = 102 十进制。
地板((255-102)/2) = 76。
颜色正确 102 + 76 = 178
178dec = B2hex。
B2 将是你的新值（而不是 66）
您需要为所有 3 个十六进制对执行此操作。
【讨论】：
我会实现像this one 这样的颜色选择器。这是对用户最友好的操作，实施起来并不困难。使用 onSubmit() 方法。
$(".picker").ColorPicker({
onSubmit: function(hsb, hex, rgb, el){
$(el).css({
'background-color': '#' + hex
});
$(el).ColorPickerHide();
}
});
在我的例子中，'el' 是一个我想改变颜色的 div。
【讨论】：
使用 jQuery：
$(selector).css('border-color', '#f4f4f4')
将selector 替换为将匹配您要修改的元素的选择器。没有 HTML 代码很难为您编写。
【讨论】：