tkinter 顶层之间的通信

Question

我正在做一个小项目，并制作了一个小屏幕键盘作为 tkinter Toplevel

我的应用程序是这样构建的：

• 根窗口（Tk 小部件）
  • 输入 1（入口小部件）
  • 输入 2（入口小部件）
  • 输入 3（文本小部件）
  • on_screen-keyboard (Toplevel-Widget)

Toplevel-Widget 包含按钮，以及应在条目中输入文本的回调（就像键盘按钮一样）

我想要的是键盘/键盘的子级与最后一个活动输入小部件之间的通信。我的问题是，我不知道如何说键盘，它应该向哪个输入小部件发送消息。

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk

class MainWindow(tk.Tk):
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        tk.Tk.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
        self.active_input = tk.Variable(value=None)
        ttk.Button(self, text="show Keyboard", command=lambda: Keyboard(self)).pack()
        self.text = tk.StringVar(value="")
        self.input1 = ttk.Entry(self)
        self.input1.bind("<FocusIn>", lambda e: self.active_input.set(self.input1))
        self.input2 = ttk.Entry(self)
        self.input2.bind("<FocusIn>", lambda e: self.active_input.set(self.input2))
        self.input3 = tk.Text(self, height=3, width=15)
        self.input3.bind("<FocusIn>", lambda e: self.active_input.set(self.input3))
        self.input1.pack()
        self.input3.pack()
        self.input2.pack()

class Keyboard(tk.Toplevel):

    OPENED = False
    NAME = "- Keyboard -"
    NUM = [{"text":"1", "width":1},
           {"text":"2", "width":1},
           {"text":"3", "width":2}]
    CHAR= [{"text":"A", "width":1},
           {"text":"B", "width":1},
           {"text":"C", "width":2}]

    def __init__(self, master):
        if not Keyboard.OPENED:
            Keyboard.OPENED = True
            print("keyboard opened!")
            self.master = master
            tk.Toplevel.__init__(self, master)
            self.title(self.NAME)
            self.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", self.close)

            self.keyb_nb = ttk.Notebook(self)
            self.keyb_nb.pack()

            self.num_tab = ttk.Frame(self.keyb_nb)
            self.createPad(self.num_tab, Keyboard.NUM,2)
            self.keyb_nb.add(self.num_tab, text="123")

            self.char_tab = ttk.Frame(self.keyb_nb)
            self.createPad(self.char_tab, Keyboard.CHAR, 2)
            self.keyb_nb.add(self.char_tab, text="ABC")

    def createPad(self, master, pad:list, max_col):
        self.co_count = 0
        self.ro = 1
        for button in pad:
            button["id"] = ttk.Button(master, width=6*button["width"], text=button["text"], command=self.bclicked(button))
            if self.co_count >= max_col:
                self.ro = self.ro + 1
                self.co_count = 0
            button["id"].grid(row=self.ro, columnspan=button["width"], column=self.co_count)
            self.co_count = self.co_count+button["width"]

    def bclicked(self, button:dict):
        """
        reciver = self.master.active_input #I think the Problem here is, that  the variable contains a string, not a widget
        reciever.focus_force()
        reciever.insert(index=tk.INSERT, string=button["text"])
        """
        pass

    def close(self):
        Keyboard.OPENED = False
        self.destroy()
        print("keyboard closed!")


root = MainWindow()
root.mainloop()

这里 Mainwindow 的 init 和 Keyboard 类的 bclicked 很重要...

代码已准备好调试

我希望有一个解决方案，类似于互联网中的通信（发送者=按钮、接收者 ID、消息），但非常欢迎每个可行的解决方案

顺便说一句：我也在寻找一个解决方案，我如何不必强制输入聚焦并且顶层保持在屏幕的最高层（如果我聚焦 Tk-Widget/其中一个输入/按钮，键盘将留在它的前面）

摘要：当键盘顶层已经获得焦点时，我如何找出 3 个输入小部件中的哪一个最后处于活动状态？

Answer 1

我可能做了比需要更多的更改，但主要关注方法keyboard_triger()和pass_key_to_master()，这两个使用变量master实现的思想，可以访问超出范围的调用方法。 另外，set_focused_object() 方法存储了对最后一个被聚焦的对象的引用，请注意，它存储的是小部件而不是事件，这比每次搜索对象都容易

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk

class MainWindow(tk.Tk):

    def keyboard_triger(self, key):
        # to identify wath object is just use
        # isinstance(self.active_input, ttk.Entry)
        self.active_input.insert(tk.END, key)

    def new_keyboard(self):
        Keyboard(self)

    def set_focused_object(self, event):
        self.active_input = event.widget

    def __init__(self):
        tk.Tk.__init__(self)
        self.active_input = None

        ttk.Button(self, text="Show Keyboard", command=self.new_keyboard).pack()

        self.input1 = ttk.Entry(self)
        self.input1.bind("<FocusIn>", self.set_focused_object)
        self.input1.pack()

        self.input2 = ttk.Entry(self)
        self.input2.bind("<FocusIn>", self.set_focused_object)
        self.input2.pack()

        self.input3 = tk.Text(self, height=3, width=15)
        self.input3.bind("<FocusIn>", self.set_focused_object)
        self.input3.pack()

class Keyboard(tk.Toplevel):

    def pass_key_to_master(self, key):
        self.master.keyboard_triger(key)

    def __init__(self, master):
        tk.Toplevel.__init__(self, master)

        self.master = master
        self.title('Keyboard')

        # this way of agruping keys stores the kwags
        # of the drawing method
        keys = {
            'A': {'x': 0, 'y': 0},
            'B': {'x': 20, 'y': 20},
            'C': {'x': 50, 'y': 50}
        }

        # expected structure
        # {string key: reference to the button}
        self.buttons = {}
        for i in keys:
            self.buttons[i] = tk.Button(  # i=i is required to make a instance
                self, text=i, command=lambda i=i: self.pass_key_to_master(i)
            )
            self.buttons[i].place(**keys[i])


if __name__ == '__main__':
    root = MainWindow()
    root.mainloop()

Answer 2

你的代码可能有更好的结构。（但我没有修改你的代码结构。）

在你的代码之后，我使用了一个全局变量。并修复了你代码中的一些错误。它可以在我的电脑上正常工作。

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk

class MainWindow(tk.Tk):
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        tk.Tk.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
        self.active_input = tk.Variable(value=None)
        ttk.Button(self, text="show Keyboard", command=lambda: Keyboard(self)).pack()
        global focusedWidget
        focusedWidget = None
        self.text = tk.StringVar(value="")
        self.input1 = ttk.Entry(self)
        self.input1.bind("<FocusIn>", self.getFocusWidget)
        self.input2 = ttk.Entry(self)
        self.input2.bind("<FocusIn>", self.getFocusWidget)
        self.input3 = tk.Text(self, height=3, width=15)
        self.input3.bind("<FocusIn>", self.getFocusWidget)
        self.input1.pack()
        self.input3.pack()
        self.input2.pack()

    def getFocusWidget(self,event): # this function could be a static function
        global focusedWidget
        focusedWidget = event.widget

class Keyboard(tk.Toplevel):

    OPENED = False
    NAME = "- Keyboard -"
    NUM = [{"text":"1", "width":1},
           {"text":"2", "width":1},
           {"text":"3", "width":2}]
    CHAR= [{"text":"A", "width":1},
           {"text":"B", "width":1},
           {"text":"C", "width":2}]

    def __init__(self, master):
        if not Keyboard.OPENED:
            Keyboard.OPENED = True
            print("keyboard opened!")
            self.master = master
            tk.Toplevel.__init__(self, master)
            self.title(self.NAME)
            self.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", self.close)

            self.keyb_nb = ttk.Notebook(self)
            self.keyb_nb.pack()

            self.num_tab = ttk.Frame(self.keyb_nb)
            self.createPad(self.num_tab, Keyboard.NUM,2)
            self.keyb_nb.add(self.num_tab, text="123")

            self.char_tab = ttk.Frame(self.keyb_nb)
            self.createPad(self.char_tab, Keyboard.CHAR, 2)
            self.keyb_nb.add(self.char_tab, text="ABC")

    def createPad(self, master, pad:list, max_col):
        self.co_count = 0
        self.ro = 1
        for button in pad:
            button["id"] = ttk.Button(master, width=6*button["width"], text=button["text"], command=lambda button=button:self.bclicked(button)) # this lambda expression has some errors.
            if self.co_count >= max_col:
                self.ro = self.ro + 1
                self.co_count = 0
            button["id"].grid(row=self.ro, columnspan=button["width"], column=self.co_count)
            self.co_count = self.co_count+button["width"]

    def bclicked(self, button:dict):
        global focusedWidget

        """
        reciver = self.master.active_input #I think the Problem here is, that  the variable contains a string, not a widget
        reciever.focus_force()
        reciever.insert(index=tk.INSERT, string=button["text"])
        """
        if not focusedWidget: # If user hasn't click a entry or text widget.
            print("Please select a entry or text")
            return
        if focusedWidget.widgetName=='ttk::entry': # use if statement to check the type of selected entry.
            focusedWidget.insert(index=tk.INSERT,string=button["text"])
        else:
            focusedWidget.insert("end",button["text"])


    def close(self):
        Keyboard.OPENED = False
        self.destroy()
        print("keyboard closed!")


root = MainWindow()
root.mainloop()