基于两列创建新变量作为索引一列作为新变量名称python pandas或R

Question

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我的数据如下所示：

Location    Date    Item    Price
 12           1       A       1
 12           2       A       2      
 12           3       A       4
 13           1       A       1
 13           2       A       4
 12           1       B       1
 12           2       B       8
 13           1       B       1
 13           2       B       2
 13           3       B       11

我想使用位置和日期为每个商品创建一个新变量，即商品价格，例如，我想要的输出是：

Location    Date    PriceA   PriceB
 12           1       1       1
 12           2       2       8      
 12           3       4       NaN
 13           1       1       1
 13           2       4       2
 13           3       NaN     11

Answer 1

你可以试试 reshape 从base R

 reshape(df, idvar=c('Location', 'Date'), timevar='Item', direction='wide')
 #    Location Date Price.A Price.B
 #1        12    1       1       1
 #2        12    2       2       8
 #3        12    3       4      NA
 #4        13    1       1       1
 #5        13    2       4       2
 #10       13    3      NA      11

或者

library(reshape2)
dcast(df, Location+Date~paste0('Price',Item), value.var='Price')
#    Location Date PriceA PriceB
#1       12    1      1      1
#2       12    2      2      8
#3       12    3      4     NA
#4       13    1      1      1
#5       13    2      4      2
#6       13    3     NA     11

或者您可以在转换为data.table 后使用dcast.data.table（会更快）

library(data.table)
dcast.data.table(setDT(df)[,Item:=paste0('Price', Item)],
                                         ...~Item, value.var='Price')

或者

library(tidyr)
library(dplyr)
spread(df, Item, Price) %>%
                      rename(PriceA=A, PriceB=B)
#   Location Date PriceA PriceB
#1       12    1      1      1
#2       12    2      2      8
#3       12    3      4     NA
#4       13    1      1      1
#5       13    2      4      2
#6       13    3     NA     11

更新

如果您不需要Price 作为前缀，只需：

dcast.data.table(setDT(df), ...~Item, value.var='Price')

reshape2 选项将是

dcast(df,...~Item, value.var='Price')

数据

df <- structure(list(Location = c(12L, 12L, 12L, 13L, 13L, 12L, 12L, 
13L, 13L, 13L), Date = c(1L, 2L, 3L, 1L, 2L, 1L, 2L, 1L, 2L, 
3L), Item = c("A", "A", "A", "A", "A", "B", "B", "B", "B", "B"
), Price = c(1L, 2L, 4L, 1L, 4L, 1L, 8L, 1L, 2L, 11L)), .Names = c("Location", 
"Date", "Item", "Price"), class = "data.frame", row.names = c(NA, 
-10L))