如何使用 Tkinter 中的类创建新页面？

Question

我试图创建一个可以重叠每个页面Page 1, Page 2, Page 3 的 tkinter GUI。我在两个地方挣扎：

使用类而不是方法，所以我已将它们注释掉，但我尝试将类放在命令中的括号中，即command=(mainPage)，但这会产生错误：

builtins.NameError: name 'mainPage' is not defined

我苦苦挣扎的第二个地方是不能重叠每个班级。

我的代码如下：

from tkinter import *

class testOverlap(Frame):

    def __init__(self, root):
        Frame.__init__(self, root)
        self.root = root

        self.topButtons()

        self.pageOne()
        self.pageTwo()
        self.pageThree()

    def topButtons(self):

        self.firstPage = Button(self.root, text="Go to Page 1", background="WHITE", height = 2, width = 16, command= self.pageOne())
        self.firstPage.place(x=0, y=0)

        self.secondPage = Button(self.root, text="Go to Page 2", background="WHITE",height = 2, width = 16, command= self.pageTwo())
        self.secondPage.place(x=121, y=0)

        self.thirdPage = Button(self.root, text="Go to Page 3", background="WHITE",height = 2, width = 17, command= self.pageThree())
        self.thirdPage.place(x=242, y=0)

#class mainPage(Frame):
    def pageOne(self):
        self.Label1 = Label(self.root, text=" First Page ", height = 20, width = 52, background="Green")
        self.Label1.place(x=0, y=40)

#class middlePage(Frame):
    def pageTwo(self):
        self.Label2 = Label(self.root, text=" Second Page ", height = 20, width = 52, background="Blue")
        self.Label2.place(x=0, y=40)

#class finalPage(Frame):
    def pageThree(self):
        self.Label3 = Label(self.root, text=" Third Page ", height = 20, width = 52, background="Red")
        self.Label3.place(x=0, y=40)

def main():
    root = Tk()
    root.title("Tk")
    root.geometry('370x340')
    app = testOverlap(root)
    root.mainloop()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

Answer 1

创建框架（页面）和提升它（将其带到顶部以查看它）是 2 个完全不同的操作。要创建它，您需要在类实例上使用类似grid 的布局，并且要提升它，您需要使用实例的tkraise 方法。我们通常通过专门一个类来处理所有页面来做到这一点。试试这个：

from tkinter import *

class Controller(Frame):
    def __init__(self, root):
        Frame.__init__(self, root)

        self.pageOne = mainPage(self)
        self.pageOne.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky='nsew')
        self.pageTwo = middlePage(self)
        self.pageTwo.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky='nsew')
        self.pageThree = finalPage(self)
        self.pageThree.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky='nsew')
        self.menu = testOverlap(self)
        self.menu.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky='nsew')

        self.menu.tkraise() # show the testOverlap Frame now

class testOverlap(Frame):
    def __init__(self, root):
        Frame.__init__(self, root)
        self.topButtons()

    def topButtons(self):
        self.firstPage = Button(self, text="Go to Page 1", background="WHITE", height = 2, width = 16, command= self.master.pageOne.tkraise)
        self.firstPage.grid(row=0, column=0)

        self.secondPage = Button(self, text="Go to Page 2", background="WHITE",height = 2, width = 16, command= self.master.pageTwo.tkraise)
        self.secondPage.grid(row=0, column=1)

        self.thirdPage = Button(self, text="Go to Page 3", background="WHITE",height = 2, width = 17, command= self.master.pageThree.tkraise)
        self.thirdPage.grid(row=0, column=2)

class mainPage(Frame):
    def __init__(self, root):
        Frame.__init__(self, root)
        self.Label1 = Label(self, text=" First Page ", height = 20, width = 52, background="Green")
        self.Label1.grid()

class middlePage(Frame):
    def __init__(self, root):
        Frame.__init__(self, root)
        self.Label2 = Label(self, text=" Second Page ", height = 20, width = 52, background="Blue")
        self.Label2.grid()

class finalPage(Frame):
    def __init__(self, root):
        Frame.__init__(self, root)
        self.Label3 = Label(self, text=" Third Page ", height = 20, width = 52, background="Red")
        self.Label3.grid()

def main():
    root = Tk()
    root.title("Tk")
    root.geometry('370x340')
    app = Controller(root)
    app.pack(expand=True, fill=BOTH)
    root.mainloop()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

还请注意，我删除了您对 place 的使用。如果可以的话，我建议你远离这个地方，改用grid 或pack。使用 place 需要在许多其他地方指定确切的大小，而 grid 或 pack 可以为您处理。