【问题标题】:Converting a PHP array to class variables将 PHP 数组转换为类变量
【发布时间】:2021-09-08 03:16:37
【问题描述】:

简单的问题,如何将关联数组转换为类中的变量?我知道有演员要做(object) $myarray 或其他任何事情,但这会创建一个新的 stdClass 并且对我没有多大帮助。是否有任何简单的一两行方法可以使我的数组中的每个 $key => $value 对变成我班级的 $key = $value 变量?我觉得为此使用 foreach 循环不是很合乎逻辑,我最好将其转换为 stdClass 并将其存储在变量中,不是吗?

class MyClass {
    var $myvar; // I want variables like this, so they can be references as $this->myvar
    function __construct($myarray) {
        // a function to put my array into variables
    }
}

【问题讨论】:

  • 我相信这个问题已经回答了here。类本身内部的加载器方法似乎不是一个聪明的解决方案,因为您需要特别小心在构造函数内部抛出异常和错误处理。

标签: php arrays class variables object


【解决方案1】:

这个简单的代码应该可以工作:

<?php

  class MyClass {
    public function __construct(Array $properties=array()){
      foreach($properties as $key => $value){
        $this->{$key} = $value;
      }
    }
  }

?>

示例用法

$foo = new MyClass(array("hello" => "world"));
$foo->hello // => "world"

另外,这可能是更好的方法

<?php

  class MyClass {

    private $_data;

    public function __construct(Array $properties=array()){
      $this->_data = $properties;
    }

    // magic methods!
    public function __set($property, $value){
      return $this->_data[$property] = $value;
    }

    public function __get($property){
      return array_key_exists($property, $this->_data)
        ? $this->_data[$property]
        : null
      ;
    }
  }

?>

用法一样

// init
$foo = new MyClass(array("hello" => "world"));
$foo->hello;          // => "world"

// set: this calls __set()
$foo->invader = "zim";

// get: this calls __get()
$foo->invader;       // => "zim"

// attempt to get a data[key] that isn't set
$foo->invalid;       // => null

【讨论】:

  • 不要认为你需要 $this->{$key} = $value; 中的 { }声明
  • @AntonioCS,这不是必需的,但它肯定强调了对变量命名属性的访问。它还演示了当变量属性变得更复杂时,可以使用{ };例如,$this-&gt;{$this-&gt;foo('bar')}-&gt;do_something();
  • 真是两个不错的解决方案。我不知道那些神奇的方法,巧妙的技巧。
  • +1。还应该提到,除非您确保 __get 方法返回一个引用,否则使用带有数组的魔法方法可能会导致一些小问题(即 $this-&gt;myArray[] = $value; 将不起作用)
  • @Tobia 在第一种方法中,是的:property_exists 只有在类代码中明确定义了属性时才会返回 true。因此,您只需像往常一样定义属性,然后在构造函数的 foreach 循环中,在分配属性之前检查if (property_exists(self::class, $key))
【解决方案2】:

最好的解决方案是让trait 带有静态函数fromArray 可用于数据加载:

trait FromArray {
 public static function fromArray(array $data = []) {
   foreach (get_object_vars($obj = new self) as $property => $default) {
     if (!array_key_exists($property, $data)) continue;
     $obj->{$property} = $data[$property]; // assign value to object
   }
   return $obj;
  }
}

然后你可以像这样使用这个特性:

class Example {
  use FromArray;
  public $data;
  public $prop;
}

然后你可以调用静态fromArray函数来获取Example类的新实例:

$obj = Example::fromArray(['data' => 123, 'prop' => false]);
var_dump($obj);

我还有更复杂的版本,带有嵌套和值过滤https://github.com/OzzyCzech/fromArray

【讨论】:

  • 不用get_object_vars($obj = new self,你可以直接说get_class_vars(get_class($this))——不需要创建一个虚拟对象。
  • @Meglio 实际上,它不是一个虚拟对象,它是设置属性后最终返回的实例。如果使用get_class($this) 或替代self::class,则必须在循环之前创建一个实例。
【解决方案3】:

如果你(像我一样)来这里寻找 array->class 的源代码生成器,我真的找不到任何源代码生成器,然后我想出了这个(正在进行的工作,没有经过很好的测试或任何东西, json_decode 返回数组。):

<?php
declare(strict_types = 1);

$json = <<<'JSON'
{"object_kind":"push","event_name":"push","before":"657dbca6668a99012952c58e8c8072d338b48d20","after":"5ac3eda70dbb44bfdf98a3db87515864036db0f9","ref":"refs/heads/master","checkout_sha":"5ac3eda70dbb44bfdf98a3db87515864036db0f9","message":null,"user_id":805411,"user_name":"hanshenrik","user_email":"divinity76@gmail.com","user_avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e3af2bd4b5604b0b661b5e6646544eba?s=80\u0026d=identicon","project_id":3498684,"project":{"name":"gitlab_integration_tests","description":"","web_url":"https://gitlab.com/divinity76/gitlab_integration_tests","avatar_url":null,"git_ssh_url":"git@gitlab.com:divinity76/gitlab_integration_tests.git","git_http_url":"https://gitlab.com/divinity76/gitlab_integration_tests.git","namespace":"divinity76","visibility_level":0,"path_with_namespace":"divinity76/gitlab_integration_tests","default_branch":"master","homepage":"https://gitlab.com/divinity76/gitlab_integration_tests","url":"git@gitlab.com:divinity76/gitlab_integration_tests.git","ssh_url":"git@gitlab.com:divinity76/gitlab_integration_tests.git","http_url":"https://gitlab.com/divinity76/gitlab_integration_tests.git"},"commits":[{"id":"5ac3eda70dbb44bfdf98a3db87515864036db0f9","message":"dsf\n","timestamp":"2017-06-14T02:21:50+02:00","url":"https://gitlab.com/divinity76/gitlab_integration_tests/commit/5ac3eda70dbb44bfdf98a3db87515864036db0f9","author":{"name":"hanshenrik","email":"divinity76@gmail.com"},"added":[],"modified":["gitlab_callback_page.php"],"removed":[]}],"total_commits_count":1,"repository":{"name":"gitlab_integration_tests","url":"git@gitlab.com:divinity76/gitlab_integration_tests.git","description":"","homepage":"https://gitlab.com/divinity76/gitlab_integration_tests","git_http_url":"https://gitlab.com/divinity76/gitlab_integration_tests.git","git_ssh_url":"git@gitlab.com:divinity76/gitlab_integration_tests.git","visibility_level":0}}        
JSON;
$arr = json_decode ( $json, true );

var_dump ( array_to_class ( $arr ) );

/**
 *
 * @param array $arr            
 * @param string $top_class_name            
 */
function array_to_class(array $arr, string $top_class_name = "TopClass"): string {
    $top_class_name = ucfirst ( $top_class_name );
    $classes = array (); // deduplicated 'definition'=>true,array_keys();
    $internal = function (array $arr, string $top_class_name) use (&$classes, &$internal) {
        $curr = 'Class ' . $top_class_name . ' {' . "\n";
        foreach ( $arr as $key => $val ) {
            $type = gettype ( $val );
            if (is_array ( $val )) {
                $type = ucfirst ( ( string ) $key );
                $classes [$internal ( $val, ( string ) $key )] = true;
            }
            $curr .= <<<FOO
    /**
     * @property $type \$$key
    */
FOO;
            $curr .= "\n    public $" . $key . ";\n";
        }
        $curr .= '}';
        $classes [$curr] = true;
    };
    $internal ( $arr, $top_class_name );
    return implode ( "\n", array_keys ( $classes ) );
}

输出:

Class project {
    /**
     * @property string $name
    */
    public $name;
    /**
     * @property string $description
    */
    public $description;
    /**
     * @property string $web_url
    */
    public $web_url;
    /**
     * @property NULL $avatar_url
    */
    public $avatar_url;
    /**
     * @property string $git_ssh_url
    */
    public $git_ssh_url;
    /**
     * @property string $git_http_url
    */
    public $git_http_url;
    /**
     * @property string $namespace
    */
    public $namespace;
    /**
     * @property integer $visibility_level
    */
    public $visibility_level;
    /**
     * @property string $path_with_namespace
    */
    public $path_with_namespace;
    /**
     * @property string $default_branch
    */
    public $default_branch;
    /**
     * @property string $homepage
    */
    public $homepage;
    /**
     * @property string $url
    */
    public $url;
    /**
     * @property string $ssh_url
    */
    public $ssh_url;
    /**
     * @property string $http_url
    */
    public $http_url;
}

Class author {
    /**
     * @property string $name
    */
    public $name;
    /**
     * @property string $email
    */
    public $email;
}
Class added {
}
Class modified {
    /**
     * @property string $0
    */
    public $0;
}
Class removed {
}
Class 0 {
    /**
     * @property string $id
    */
    public $id;
    /**
     * @property string $message
    */
    public $message;
    /**
     * @property string $timestamp
    */
    public $timestamp;
    /**
     * @property string $url
    */
    public $url;
    /**
     * @property Author $author
    */
    public $author;
    /**
     * @property Added $added
    */
    public $added;
    /**
     * @property Modified $modified
    */
    public $modified;
    /**
     * @property Removed $removed
    */
    public $removed;
}
Class commits {
    /**
     * @property 0 $0
    */
    public $0;
}
Class repository {
    /**
     * @property string $name
    */
    public $name;
    /**
     * @property string $url
    */
    public $url;
    /**
     * @property string $description
    */
    public $description;
    /**
     * @property string $homepage
    */
    public $homepage;
    /**
     * @property string $git_http_url
    */
    public $git_http_url;
    /**
     * @property string $git_ssh_url
    */
    public $git_ssh_url;
    /**
     * @property integer $visibility_level
    */
    public $visibility_level;
}
Class TopClass {
    /**
     * @property string $object_kind
    */
    public $object_kind;
    /**
     * @property string $event_name
    */
    public $event_name;
    /**
     * @property string $before
    */
    public $before;
    /**
     * @property string $after
    */
    public $after;
    /**
     * @property string $ref
    */
    public $ref;
    /**
     * @property string $checkout_sha
    */
    public $checkout_sha;
    /**
     * @property NULL $message
    */
    public $message;
    /**
     * @property integer $user_id
    */
    public $user_id;
    /**
     * @property string $user_name
    */
    public $user_name;
    /**
     * @property string $user_email
    */
    public $user_email;
    /**
     * @property string $user_avatar
    */
    public $user_avatar;
    /**
     * @property integer $project_id
    */
    public $project_id;
    /**
     * @property Project $project
    */
    public $project;
    /**
     * @property Commits $commits
    */
    public $commits;
    /**
     * @property integer $total_commits_count
    */
    public $total_commits_count;
    /**
     * @property Repository $repository
    */
    public $repository;
}

【讨论】:

    【解决方案4】:

    这是另一个使用PDOStatement::fetchObject 的解决方案,虽然它有点小技巧。

    $array = array('property1' => 'value1', 'property2' => 'value2');
    $className = 'MyClass';
    
    $pdo = new PDO('sqlite::memory:'); // we don't actually need sqlite; any PDO connection will do
    $select = 'SELECT ? AS property1, ? AS property2'; // this could also be built from the array keys
    $statement = $pdo->prepare($select);
    
    // this last part can also be re-used in a loop
    $statement->execute(array_values($array));
    $myObject = $statement->fetchObject($className);
    

    【讨论】:

      【解决方案5】:

      定义一个静态方法来转换从数组中获取实例。最好,为它定义一个接口。这是声明性的,不会污染构造函数,允许您设置私有属性并仍然实现反射无法实现的自定义逻辑。如果您想要一个通用的解决方案,请定义一个特征并在您的类中使用它。

      class Test implements ContructableFromArray {
         private $property;
         public static function fromArray(array $array) {
             $instance = new self();
             $instance->property = $array['property'];
             return $instance;
         }
      }
      
      interface ConstructableFromArray {
         public static function fromArray(array $array);
      }
      

      【讨论】:

      • 如果您的业务逻辑不需要接口,请不要创建接口。这是矫枉过正。
      【解决方案6】:

      如果要将嵌套数组转换为对象,请使用以下代码:

      class ToObject
      {
          private $_data;
      
          public function __construct(array $data)
          {
              $this->setData($data);
          }
      
          /**
           * @return array
           */
          public function getData()
          {
              return $this->_data;
          }
      
          /**
           * @param array $data
           */
          public function setData(array $data)
          {
              $this->_data = $data;
              return $this;
          }
      
          public function __call($property, $args)
          {
              // NOTE: change lcfirst if you need (ucfirst/...) or put all together
              $property = lcfirst(str_replace('get', '', $property));
              if (array_key_exists($property, $this->_data)) {
                  if (is_array($this->_data[$property])) {
                      return new self($this->_data[$property]);
                  }
                  return $this->_data[$property];
              }
              return null;
          }
      }
      

      那么你可以这样使用:

      $array = [
          'first' => '1.1',
          'second' => [
              'first' => '2.1',
              'second' => '2.2',
              'third' => [
                  'first' => '2.3.1'
              ]
          ]
      ];
      $object = new ToObject($array);
      $object->getFirst(); // returns 1.1
      $object->getSecond()->getFirst(); // returns 2.1
      $object->getSecond()->getData(); // returns second array
      $object->getSecond()->getThird()->getFirst(); // returns 2.3.1
      

      【讨论】:

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