获取 C 中时间和日期字符串值的毫秒差

Question

我在变量中有两个日期和时间字符串。我需要以毫秒为单位计算这两个日期和时间值之间的差异。如何在 C 中获得它。该解决方案应该跨平台工作（至少是 windows 和 unix）。

char date1[] = {"26/11/2015"};
char time1[] = {"20:22:19"};
char date2[] = {"26/11/2015"};
char time2[] = {"20:23:19"};

首先，我需要将其保存到某个时间结构中，然后比较 2 个时间结构以获得差异。 C 库中可用于执行此操作的时间结构是什么。

Answer 1

使用mktime() 和difftime()

mktime 函数返回编码为time_t 类型值的指定日历时间。如果无法表示日历时间，则该函数返回值(time_t)(-1)。 C11dr §7.27.2.3 4

difftime 函数返回以秒为单位的差值作为double §7.27.2.2 2

#include <time.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

time_t parse_dt(const char *mdy, const char *hms) {
  struct tm tm;
  memset(&tm, 0, sizeof tm);
  if (3 != sscanf(mdy, "%d/%d/%d", &tm.tm_mon, &tm.tm_mday, &tm.tm_year)) return -1;
  tm.tm_year -= 1900;
  tm.tm_mday++;
  if (3 != sscanf(hms, "%d:%d:%d", &tm.tm_hour, &tm.tm_min, &tm.tm_sec)) return -1;
  tm.tm_isdst = -1;  // Assume local time
  return mktime(&tm);
}

int main() {
  // application
  char date1[] = { "26/11/2015" };
  char time1[] = { "20:22:19" };
  char date2[] = { "26/11/2015" };
  char time2[] = { "20:23:19" };
  time_t t1 = parse_dt(date1, time1);
  time_t t2 = parse_dt(date2, time2);
  if (t1 == -1 || t2 == -1) return 1;
  printf("Time difference %.3f\n", difftime(t2, t1) * 1000.0);
  return 0;
}

输出

Time difference 60000.000

Answer 2

来自 mktime() 的手册页

这是 mktime() 的原型

time_t mktime(struct tm *tm);

这是函数mktime()的描述

  The mktime() function takes an argument representing
   broken-down time which is a representation separated into year,  month,
   day, and so on.

   Broken-down  time  is  stored  in  the structure tm which is defined in
   <time.h> as follows:

       struct tm {
           int tm_sec;         /* seconds */
           int tm_min;         /* minutes */
           int tm_hour;        /* hours */
           int tm_mday;        /* day of the month */
           int tm_mon;         /* month */
           int tm_year;        /* year */
           int tm_wday;        /* day of the week */
           int tm_yday;        /* day in the year */
           int tm_isdst;       /* daylight saving time */
       };

   The members of the tm structure are:

   tm_sec    The number of seconds after the minute, normally in the range
             0 to 59, but can be up to 60 to allow for leap seconds.

   tm_min    The number of minutes after the hour, in the range 0 to 59.

   tm_hour   The number of hours past midnight, in the range 0 to 23.

   tm_mday   The day of the month, in the range 1 to 31.

   tm_mon    The number of months since January, in the range 0 to 11.

   tm_year   The number of years since 1900.

   tm_wday   The number of days since Sunday, in the range 0 to 6.

   tm_yday   The number of days since January 1, in the range 0 to 365.

   tm_isdst  A  flag  that  indicates  whether  daylight saving time is in
             effect at the time described.  The value is positive if  day‐
             light  saving time is in effect, zero if it is not, and nega‐
             tive if the information is not available.


   The  mktime() function converts a broken-down time structure, expressed
   as local time, to calendar time representation.  The  function  ignores
   the  values  supplied  by the caller in the tm_wday and tm_yday fields.
   The value specified in the tm_isdst field informs mktime()  whether  or
   not  daylight  saving  time (DST) is in effect for the time supplied in
   the tm structure: a positive value means DST is in effect;  zero  means
   that  DST  is  not  in effect; and a negative value means that mktime()
   should (use timezone information and system databases  to)  attempt  to
   determine whether DST is in effect at the specified time.

   The  mktime()  function modifies the fields of the tm structure as fol‐
   lows: tm_wday and tm_yday are set to values determined  from  the  con‐
   tents of the other fields; if structure members are outside their valid
   interval, they will be normalized (so that, for example, 40 October  is
   changed  into  9  November); tm_isdst is set (regardless of its initial
   value) to a positive value or to 0, respectively, to  indicate  whether
   DST  is  or  is  not in effect at the specified time.  Calling mktime()
   also sets the external variable tzname with information about the  cur‐
   rent timezone.

   If  the  specified  broken-down  time cannot be represented as calendar
   time (seconds since the Epoch), mktime() returns (time_t) -1  and  does
   not alter the members of the broken-down time structure.

============================================

这是来自difftime() 的手册页

这是原型：

double difftime(time_t time1, time_t time0);

这是描述：

   The  difftime()  function returns the number of seconds elapsed between
   time time1 and time time0, represented as a double.  Each of the  times
   is  specified  in calendar time, which means its value is a measurement
   (in seconds) relative to the Epoch, 1970-01-01 00:00:00 +0000 (UTC).

在几秒钟内得到结果。要以毫秒为单位获得结果，请乘以 1000.0